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image A RIVER IN AFGHANISTAN. image GREENPEACE SURVEY OF GULF WAR OIL POLLUTION IN KUWAIT. AERIAL VIEW OF OIL IN THE SEA. middle east: future investments in the heat sector Also in the heat sector the Energy [R]evolution scenario would require a major revision of current investment strategies in heating technologies. Especially the not yet so common spread solar, geothermal and heat pump technologies need enormous increase in installations, if these potentials are to be tapped for the heat sector. Installed capacity needs to increase by a factor of 680 for solar thermal and by a factor of 560 for geothermal and heat pumps. Capacity of biomass technologies, which are already rather wide spread increase by the factor of 13. Renewable heating technologies are extremely variable, from low tech biomass stoves and unglazed solar collectors to very sophisticated enhanced geothermal systems and solar thermal district heating plants with seasonal storage.Thus it can only roughly be calculated, that the Energy [R]evolution scenario in total requires around $ 951 billion to be invested in renewable heating technologies until 2050 (including investments for replacement after the economic lifetime of the plants) - approximately $ 24 billion per year. table 5.33: middle east: renewable heat generation capacities under the reference scenario and the energy [r]evolution scenario IN GW 2030 2040 2050 5 9 14 15 23 32 43 0 0 0 34 44 76 17 22 29 E[R] 0 17 51 91131 Biomass REF E[R] 3 16 2009 2020 3 6 Geothermal REF E[R] 0 20 0 0 1 12 Solar thermal REF E[R] 1 110 236 458 663 HeatpumpsREF 01137 418283852 Total REF E[R] 4 163 344 625 914 figure 5.78: middle east: investments for renewable heat generation technologies under the reference scenario and the energy [r]evolution scenario REF 2011 - 2050 Total $ 38 billion 16% 38% 0% 46% SOLAR HEAT PUMPS GEOTHERMAL BIOMASS E[R] 2011 - 2050 Total $ 951 billion 37% SOLAR 25% GEOTHERMAL 5% BIOMASS 33% HEAT PUMPS 133 © ANNA LENNARTSDOTTER © GP/CHRISTIAN ASLUND key results | MIDDLE EAST - INVESTMENTPDF Image | SUSTAINABLE WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK
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