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1400 1200 1000 VLE P= 1bar P= 10bar P= 50bar P=100bar P=150bar P=200bar Chapter 1 Synopsis and Executive Summary Supercritical 0 Temperature, T(°C) Fluid 125 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 800 P = 250 bar 600 400 200 Vapor Liquid Figure 1.10 Availability diagram for water. The magnitude of the availability is a direct measure of the maximum electrical work or powerproducing potential of aqueousproduced geofluid at specificstate conditions of temperature and pressure. Availability, B (kJ/kg) The large capital investment that is contained in the wellfield/reservoir portion of the system places a premium on achieving as high an efficiency as possible for a given geothermal resource, so it is worth putting considerable effort into mitigating these thermodynamic limitations. A utilization efficiency, defined as the ratio of actual net power to maximum possible power, provides a measure of how close the conversion system comes to ideal, reversible operation. Current practice for geothermal conversion systems shows utilization efficiencies typically range from 25% to 50%. Future engineering practice would like to increase these to 60% or more, which requires further investments in R&D to improve heattransfer steps by minimizing temperature differences and increasing heattransfer coefficients, and by improving mechanical efficiencies of converters such as turbines, turboexpanders, and pumps. Keeping these issues in mind, the panel considered specific cases for a range of EGS resource types and applications: 1. Electricity generation using EGS geofluids from sedimentary and basement rock formations and similar reservoirs, ranging in temperature from 100°C to 400°C, including one case at supercritical conditions; 2. Electricity generation from coproduced oil and gas operations using organic binary power plant designs over resource temperatures ranging from 100°C to 180°C; 3. Combined heat and power – cogeneration of electricity and thermal energy where the conditions at the MIT COGEN plant (nominally 20 MWe and 140,000 lb/h steam) were used as a model system.PDF Image | Synopsis and Executive Summary
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