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Summar y Summary This report was prepared by Business Enterprises (Pty) Ltd at the University of Pretoria. It argues that South Africa will need significant human capital and a sound science and technology base to develop and implement robust adaptation and mitigation strategies that will militate against the negative impacts of climate change, while simultaneously providing the possibility of an internationally competitive economic trajectory.According to the report, both the state of relevant science and technology and the “favourability of the implementation environment”1 will affect South Africa’s ability to respond effectively to climate change as well as its international competitiveness.To this end, the report examines the current state of research and technology in South Africa related to environmental issues in general, and climate change mitigation in particular.This is achieved by analysing South Africa’s relative contribution to environmentally related scientific knowledge (through an analysis of South African authored scientific papers) and South Africa’s level of innovation (measured through the analysis of numbers of South African patents registered). The report also reviews current policy priorities and their degree of harmonisation as a means of understanding the current implementation environment. Based on the findings, the report provides recommendations to be considered in the drafting of the National Climate Change Response White Paper. The sections below provide an overview of what is contained in the main report. Current state of science and technology Analysis of the Thomson Reuters ISI Scientific databases indicates that while South Africa’s knowledge generation in environmentally related fields is increasing steadily, its relative contribution to world literature is very limited and, in some cases, is declining. Furthermore, South Africa produces three to four times fewer publications when compared to four other leading countries, namely Australia, Brazil, Canada and China. The patent analysis indicates a very low South African presence in the climate change domain, apart from carbon capture and storage technologies. For example, in the environmental engineering category, South Africa produced 0.58% of the global output between the years 2004 – 2008, 5% of China’s output.This has negative implications for South Africa’s technological ambition in this field. Current policy environment South Africa has a justifiable reputation as a leading player in the global climate change dialogue. The various official South African delegations to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conferences of the Parties (COPs) and summits have demonstrated leadership on a number of fronts, including in the rescue and implementation of the Kyoto protocol, and more recently in the push for a new global deal on climate change.While there are numerous policies housed in different South African institutions supporting and directing climate change science and technology, the policy environment informing climate change science and technology is currently uncoordinated and highly fragmented. Recommendations The National Climate Change Response White Paper represents an important opportunity to strengthen South Africa’s ability to build a science and technology base that will enable the roll-out of a robust climate change response strategy, as well as organise for an innovative green economy.A number of recommendations are presented for consideration in drafting the White Paper. These relate to four domains, namely governance, planning tools, science and technology funding and instruments, and partnerships. The specific recommendations include: • Institutionalising highly informed decision-making through a governance arrangement that includes the appointment of a chief scientific advisor to the Minister of Environmental Affairs. The Minister, with the advice of the chief scientific advisor, should establish and constitute a scientific advisory council, which includes a wide range of expertise.This council could be chaired by the chief scientific advisor; • Ensuring medium and long-term planning for South Africa’s climate change science and technology landscape. It is recommended that a rigorous planning exercise be engaged in the form of a climate change foresight exercise and a climate change technology road-map for the country in partnership with the relevant role-players; and • Developing funding instruments to enable the development of science and technology capacity, new knowledge, intellectual property and technology to enable the implementation of a robust climate change response strategy. This may include a specialised funding agency in the form of an environmental science council or the development of specialist environmental funds in existing agencies. 1 This is determined by the level of political will, the soundness and congruency of national climate change policy with the national economic growth path, adequate funding and capacity for implementation. 5PDF Image | The Green Machine 4000
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