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1. Introduction 1 Introduction South Africa is a leading voice in the negotiations toward a binding global deal on Global Climate Change.The country is also a significant scientific contributor to the global dialogue under the auspices of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Furthermore, South Africa demonstrates a unique convergence between the government team and civil society in these positions. In spite of this high international profile, South Africa continues to have among the highest per capita emissions in the world, especially when compared with other developing countries. This is largely due to the historical industrial trajectory of South Africa resulting from its investments in extractive industries as well as its coal based energy generation, which enabled the country to offer a very low direct cost energy option. This cheap energy has been associated with many important competitive advantages, including South Africa’s dominance of the Fisher-Tropsch process internationally (spearheaded by Sasol) and its ability to attract investments to the region. Within the context of climate change, the main disadvantage is that South Africa has developed its primary technological competence with the associated scientific research and development (R&D) capacity to support fossil fuel dependent technologies. This has become very apparent in the recent decisions associated with South Africa’s new energy investment to expand its generation capacity with a continued dominance of coal-based solutions. In order for South Africa to develop and implement robust adaptation and mitigation strategies that provide the possibility of an internationally competitive economic trajectory in the context of a climate change, the country will require significant human capital and a sound science and technology base. In this light, the objectives for this report are as follows: 1) Review the current state of affairs related to various environmental and climate mitigation related technologies; 2) Review policy priorities in South Africa related to the field; 3) Identify the state of environmental research in South Africa; and 4) Elaborate on possible future policy directions in the country and prerequisites that support knowledge generation and technology development. 6PDF Image | The Green Machine 4000
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