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4. The state of climate mitigation technologies Specific investment cost ($2007/kWe) Generation cost ($2007/MWh) Sourcea 2007 2020 2007 2020 Concentrating Solar Powerb ($/kWe) 4,100 2,500-3000 ($/MWh) 150-170 100-125 IS 96 Onshore wind ($/kWe) 1,900 1,200-1,300 ($/MWh) 80-110 50-80 Lako et al, 2008 Wave ($/kWe) 4,875 2,000-2,500 ($/MWh) 275-325 125-150 IS 97-99 Tidal stream ($/kWe) 3,250-5,750 2,000-2,500 ($/MWh) 225-275 100-125 DTI, 2004; Davidson 2007 Hot Dry Rock ($/kWe) - 2,250-3,250 ($/MWh) - 75-100 Lundin et al, 2006 Small hydro (1-10 MWe) ($/kWe) 2,000-3,000 1,750-2,750 ($/MWh) 48-72 42-66 Lako et al, 2003 Biomass combustion ($/MWh) Large scale (> 20 MWe) ($/kWe) 2,500-3,250 2,250-2,750 ($/MWh) 45-75 40-70 Mozaffarian and Lako et al, 2008 Medium scale (5-20 MWe) ($/kWe) 3,750-6,500 3,000-3,700 ($/MWh) 70-115 55-85 Mozaffarian and Lako et al, 2008 Coal-fired power with CCSc Pre-combustion (IGCC) ($/kWe) 2,100-2,400 ($/MWh) 55-80 Lako et al, 2004 Table 3: Current (2007) and future (2020) specific investment cost and generation cost of renewable energy options and selected CCS options (Source: Laco, 2008) Photovoltaic Offshore wind Tidal range Conventional geothermal Micro hydro (< 1 MWe) Large hydro(> 10 MWe) Medium scale (5-20 MWe) Biomass gasification Large scale (> 20 MWe) Post combustion Oxy-fuel ($/kWe) ($/kWe) ($/kWe) ($/kWe) ($/kWe) ($/kWe) ($/kWe) ($/kWe) ($/kWe) ($/kWe) 8,000 3,250 3,750 1,750-2,750 2,250-2,750 1,500-2,500 3,500-4,250 2,850-3,250 2,000-2,400 2,400-2,800 1,500-2,250 2,000-3000 1,500-2,500 2,750-3,750 2,700-3,500 2,100-2,400 2,000-2,500 ($/MWh) ($/MWh) ($/MWh) ($/MWh) ($/MWh) ($/MWh) ($/MWh) ($/MWh) ($/MWh) ($/MWh) 450-550 175-225 160-180 100-125 175-225 125-150 Borenstein, 2008 Lako et al, 2008 IS 100 Lundin et al, 2006 Lako et al, 2003 Lako et al, 2003 Mozaffarian and Lako et al, 2008 Mozaffarian and Lako et al, 2008 Lako et al, 2004 Black, 2008 60-90 54-84 35-60 65-95 50-75 48-72 35-60 55-85 40-70 60-80 60-80 14 a b c IS=Internet Source Under solar conditions prevailing in southern California and Nevada. Investment cost of pulverised coal-fired power without CCS typically $1,500/kWe (Dalton,2004).According to (Davis,2007) a CCS-ready IGCC plant would cost at least 16.9% more than a supercritical pulverised coal plant, which is therefore approximately $1,700/kWe. Sources: Internet Source 96 (CSP); Borenstein 2008 (PV); Lako et al, 2008 (wind); Internet Sources 97-100; DTI, 2004; Davidson, 2007 (wave and tidal); Lundin et al, 2006 (geothe Lako et al, 2003 (hydro); Mazaffarian and Lako, 2008 (biomass power); Dalton, 2004; Lako, 2004; Davis, 2007; Black, 2008 (coal-fired power)PDF Image | The Green Machine 4000
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