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6. The state of environmental research in South Africa % papers 2004 - 2008 Activity Index Engineering Environmental 0.58 1.05 Environmental Studies 1.09 1.98 Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 1.03 1.87 South African Papers as % of world total 0.55 N/A Australia Brazil Canada China South Africa Ecology 7.54 2.42 8.07 3.10 1.95 Engineering Environmental 2.89 1.50 6.63 9.27 0.58 Environmental Sciences 3.47 2.22 6.49 8.82 0.79 Environmental Studies 4.89 1.20 6.41 3.62 1.09 Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences 3.29 1.83 5.94 6.96 0.73 Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 4.90 3.32 6.53 2.65 1.03 Water Resources 4.46 1.37 6.07 7.27 1.59 % Country Papers in world 3.02 2.06 4.67 8.37 0.55 Table 4 shows the estimated percentage of South African papers in the particular fields and the activity indices3 for the period 2004 - 2008. All activity indices are above 1, indicating that South Africa focuses on environmental disciplines. It is worthwhile noting that simply because a country emphasises particular disciplines does not mean that it performs research of adequate quality in the particular field. Only comparisons with other countries and regions can determine the quality of research. Table 4: South African papers in environmental fields and activity indices Ecology 1.95 3.54 Environmental Sciences Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences Water Resources 0.79 1.43 0.73 1.32 1.59 2.89 Table 5 compares South Africa with four other countries in terms of their contribution to publications within environmental related scientific fields. The estimates presented in this table indicate that the comparator countries (representing both developed and developing countries) produce three to four times as many publications as South Africa in the environment related fields. Table 5: Comparison of percentage papers in environmental fields for South Africa and four other countries 3 The activity index shows whether the particular field is producing more or less than the national total (i.e. taking into account the country’s research output). Indices above 1 indicate that the country produces more in the particular field than what it was expected from its total research production. 19PDF Image | The Green Machine 4000
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