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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING – The Organic Rankine Cycle: Thermodynamics, Applications and Optimization – Sylvain Quoilin and Vincent Lemort Figure 6. T-s diagram of a Rankine cycle with reheating Figure 6 shows on the T-s diagram that point 5 is displaced towards the vapor zone, decreasing in the same process its liquid droplets content. The evaporating temperature can therefore be set to a much higher value than in the basic cycle, and the efficiency is improved by a few percents. It is possible to introduce more than one reheating, but this solution is not common because of the complexification of the system, leading to high investment costs. The selection of the intermediate pressure ( p4a or p4b ) results of an optimization that can easily be performed numerically using a thermodynamic model of the cycle. 2.2.2. Regeneration One difference between the ideal Rankine cycle and the Carnot cycle – and thus a source of irreversibility – is the feed water heating phase: In the Rankine cycle, the curve 1-2 is not vertical, which generates irreversibilities in the boiler. This irreversibility could be eliminated by using the heat of the steam during the expansion to preheat the liquid. In practice, this can be achieved by extracting (or bleeding) a fraction of the steam between certain stages of the axial turbine. Figure 7 shows the working principle of the system with one bleed point, used to preheat the feed water in an open feed water heater: a fraction of the steam flow rate is bled at point 4b, at an intermediate pressure between the evaporating and the condensing pressure. The steam is directed to a direct contact heat exchanger where it is mixed with the pressurized feed water. This mixing allows heating the liquid up to its saturation temperature at the bleeding pressure. This is illustrated in the diagram of Figure 8: the mixing between states 1 and 4a heat the ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) UNESCO – EOLSS SAMPLE CHAPTERSPDF Image | The Organic Rankine Cycle
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