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Western area deep wells In the summer of 2005, TG-3 was the first well drilled in order to investigate the potential toward the west of the hot spring area (Figure 5). After drilling, this well had a BHT of about 80 °F but it quickly warmed up to 117 °F. The well had a weak artesian flow with a head of about 3 ft. This well has high projected temperatures at depth with a slight leakage of thermal water to the surface from about 100 ft. Figure 5 T-D curves forTG-3 and TG-8 in the western side. Green curves show injection logs. Yellow curves show flowing logs. TG-3 (red) is the first stage of TG-8 (brown). Promising gradients in TG-3 led to the drilling of the nearby well TG-8 to a depth of 1020 ft. The temperatures follow the projection of the data from TG-3 to a depth of about 600 ft. The temperatures are near isothermal below this depth at 176 °F. Above 300 ft, the static temperature profiles in TG-8 are strongly influenced by rising water within the wellbore. The BHT is just over 176 °F at 1016 ft. This is the highest temperature measured at Chena to date. The temperature in the bottom 400 feet of the well increases by only 1 °F and is presumably impacted by fast fluid movement within or adjacent to the wellbore. TG-9 was drilled a few hundred feet to the west of TG-8 (see Figure 1). TG-9 encountered a highly permeable fractured interval at 457 ft where a fluid- entry temperature of 163 °F was measured during a short flow test (Figure 6). After testing this zone, the well was deepened to 800 ft where a maximum temperature of 168.9 °F is present. The temperature- depth curve shows a sharp toe above 800 ft so projecting temperatures at greater depths is subject to considerable uncertainty. Well 7 is located about 40 ft south of TG-9 and is being used as the production well for the power plant. A log made before the casing was cemented at 450 ft and logs made after the well was completed are shown in Figure 6. The shallow part of the well is very hot, apparently hot water is leaking from somewhere near by. The overturn is so sharp that it doesn’t seem likely that this is the situation in situ. This same sort of overturn was seen in an early log in TG-9, but at a different depth. It is hypothesized that the depth difference is not real and the upper part of TG-9 should look like Well 7 at similar depths. Figure 6 T-D curves for Well 7 and TG-9 in the western side. Yellow curves show flowing logs. Geothermal system heat loss The heat loss in Chena was calculated using the shallow thermal gradients that are tabulated in Table 1. A thermal conductivity of 2.7 W/m/K was assumed for the granitic rocks which are characteristic of the area. The loss was calculated for heat flow based on two assumptions for the surface temperature which are 0°C and -2.2°C. The heat flow was calculated over the depth interval of 0-50 ft. Only the area with thermal data was included in the calculation so the values should be conservative. The natural heat loss calculated varies between 4.67 x 106 to 5.02 x 106 W depending on the selected surface temperature. This value compares well with other hot spring systems. Wisian et al. (2001) proposed an electrical production rate of 1 to 10 times the natural heat loss as a reasonable figure based on the existing highly developed fields around the world. However, most basin and range systems (deep circulation) that might be comparable to Chena have not been developed at such high values to date. Furthermore the temperatures in the other systems examined are typically over 350 °F so that the efficiency of energy conversion is much greater. APDF Image | THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHENA HOT SPRINGS
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