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and waste heat utilization. The cycle thermal efficiency of carbon dioxide power cycles can be defined by Equation 3‐1: th Wnet Wexp. Wpump (hd he)(hb ha) Equation3‐1 Qinput Qinput (hd hc) where Q input is the heat input to the system and Wnet is the power production by the system. The Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle and the COP of the cooling part of the carbon dioxide cooling and power combined cycle can be defined as Equation 3‐2: COP Qcooling Equation 3‐2 Wbasic where Q cooling is the cooling capacity of the cooling system and Wbasic is the required compression work of the compressor. One of the original motivations of the current study was to reduce the energy usage of refrigeration / air conditioning systems by utilizing the energy in low‐grade heat source or waste heat by carbon dioxide power systems. In other words, the aim was to employ a carbon dioxide power system or the power part of the carbon dioxide cooling and power combined system to utilize the energy in low‐grade heat source or waste heat to produce power. The produced power will be then used to partly, or totally, cover the compressor power demand in a refrigeration system or in the cooling part of the carbon dioxide combined system. In such applications, the COP of the cooling system can be redefined as Equation 3‐3 , since the power produced by the CO2 power system or the power part of the combined system is gained “free of charge” from the low‐grade heat source or waste heat. 20PDF Image | Thermodynamic Cycles using Carbon Dioxide
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