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COP Qcooling Qcooling 10 Equation 3‐3 new Wbasic Woutput Wnew where Q cooling is the required cooling capacity, W basic is the original compression work of the cooling cycle, and W output is the work output from the CO2 power system or the power part of the combined system, i.e. the “free” energy gained from the low‐grade heat source or waste heat. W new is the work needed by the compressor after taking away the energy gained from low‐grade heat source or waste heat. Although the applications will determine the possible temperature levels and the capacity as well as the obtainable efficiencies for the various components, several assumptions are made in this chapter based on the published literatures to be able to specify the cycle working conditions and gain a general picture of basic cycle performance. 3.1.1 Carbon dioxide transcritical power cycle For carbon dioxide transcritical power cycles, the gas heater pressure can be selected arbitrarily. An optimum pressure can be found as a function of other cycle parameters, such as the condensing pressure and the heat source temperature. If an Internal Heat Exchanger (IHX) is part of the system, an optimal gas heater pressure around 120 bar appears likely for an expansion inlet temperature of 100 °C, for instance (Figure 3‐3). At the same time, the selection of the gas heater pressure needs to consider the practical issues, such as the material durability durance and safety. Most of the calculations for transcritical power cycles in the current study have chosen 120 bar for the initial calculation and the influence of the gas heater pressure is analyzed afterwards. The expansion inlet temperature is, of course, related to the heat source temperature. Furthermore, 10The definition may be questionable from a strictly thermodynamic perspective since the COP may go to infinity if W basic – W output =0. 21PDF Image | Thermodynamic Cycles using Carbon Dioxide
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