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compact heat exchangers (surface area density above 700 m2/m3 on at least one fluid side, which usually has gas flow), laminar flow heat exchangers (surface area density above 3000 m2/m3) and micro heat exchangers (surface area density is above about 10000 m2/m3). The configurations of a compact heat exchanger are normally plate‐fin, tube‐fin and prime surface recuperators and compact regenerators. Basic flow arrangements of the two fluids are single‐pass cross flow, counter flow and multipass cross‐counter flow (R.K. Shah, 1991). Based on the criteria described above, RANOTOR heat exchangers belong to the category of compact heat exchangers. The flow pattern in the heat exchanger may appear to be cross flow, but it is actually counterflow. This can be explained by the following drawings (Figure 9‐3 and Figure 9‐4). The left drawing in Figure 9‐3 is the top view of one heat exchanger plate, and the one on the right is a schematic illustration to show the angels of the heat exchanger tubes on the heat exchanger plate. As shown in the figure, the heat exchanger plates are designed to have certain angles when bent. Therefore, the heat source fluid flow can be divided into two directions when crossing every small section of the heat exchanger tube (Figure 9‐4). Along the X direction, there will be no heat transfer but only fluid flow, while along the Y direction heat transfer will take place. Thus, if one integrates along the tube to the total heat exchanger tube length, the heat exchanger will show the heat transfer characteristics of a perfect counterflow heat exchanger. Furthermore, the gas side fluid flow is designed to be laminar flow. Therefore, in general, the RANOTOR heat exchanger is characterized as a counterflow compact heat exchanger with laminar flow at the gas side. 99PDF Image | Thermodynamic Cycles using Carbon Dioxide
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