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that laminar flow can achieve a higher heat transfer coefficient in compact heat exchangers can be explained as follows: The heat transfer coefficient, h, can be expressed by Equation 9‐1: where h Nu k Lc h — Heat transfer coefficient Nu — Nusselt number k — Thermal conductivity Lc —Hydraulic diameter Equation 9‐1 For laminar flow, the Nusselt number will be constant for a certain geometry of a heat exchanger and k is constant for a certain fluid bulk mean temperature. Thus, the smaller the hydraulic diameter is, the higher the heat transfer coefficient will be. Therefore, when the hydraulic diameter is greatly reduced, an extremely high heat transfer coefficient can be expected although the flow is still in the laminar region. The superiority of laminar flow is clearly illustrated in an example from the book Heat Exchanger Engineering (1991): For water at 310 K using k = 0.628 W/m∙k and Pr = 4.62, h is shown as a function of the tube diameter (Figure 9‐5). It can be seen that the heat transfer coefficient for a 20 mm diameter tube at Re 104 is the same as a 1 mm diameter tube in laminar flow. h is also the same for a 20 mm diameter tube at Re5104 and a 0.3 mm diameter tube in laminar flow. 101PDF Image | Thermodynamic Cycles using Carbon Dioxide
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