Thermodynamic Cycles using Carbon Dioxide

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Thermodynamic Cycles using Carbon Dioxide ( thermodynamic-cycles-using-carbon-dioxide )

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9.3 Appendix 3— Summary of Attached Papers Y. Chen, P. Lundqvist, P. Platell, “Theoretical Research of Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle Application in Automobile Industry to Reduce Vehicle’s Fuel Consumption”, Applied Thermal Engineering 25 (2005), pp 2041–2053 This work discusses means to utilize low‐grade energy in vehicle exhaust gases, to reduce the vehicle’s fuel consumption and to make it run in a more environmentally friendly way. To utilize the energy in the exhaust gas, a CO2 bottoming system in the vehicle’s engine is proposed. Several basic cycles— according to the different design concepts—are presented, and the efficiencies are calculated using Engineering Equation Solver (EES). Several thermodynamic models in EES show that after system optimization, in a CO2 transcritical power cycle with a gas heater pressure of 130 bar and 200°C expansion inlet temperature, about 20% of the energy in the exhaust gas can be converted into useful work. Increasing the pressure in the gas heater to 300 bar and with the same expansion inlet temperature, about 12% of the exhaust gas energy can be converted. When the pressure is raised both in the gas cooler and in the gas heater, the cycle runs completely above the critical point, and the efficiency is about 19%. In addition, in the CO2 combined cycle, the system COP is 2.32 and about 5% of the exhaust gas energy can be converted. Y. Chen, P. Lundqvist, A. Johansson, P. Platell, “A comparative study of the Carbon Dioxide Transcritical Power Cycle compared with an Organic Rankine Cycle with R123 as working fluid in Waste Heat Recovery”, Applied Thermal Engineering 26 (2006), pp 2142–2147 The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) as a bottoming cycle to convert low‐grade waste heat into useful work has been widely 121

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