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Unconventional Energy Resources: 2013 Review The total project cost is projected to be $2.4 billion USD, with a $450 million contribution from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The Summit Plant is designed as a 400 MW IGCC (integrated gasification combined cycle) plant with feedstock from the Powder River Basin. The plant will capture up to 90% of the CO2, representing 3 metric tonnes (3.3 mst) per year for Permian Basin EOR. Other uses of coal and associated carbon materials are discussed by Campbell in this Review, in context with the nuclear power industry and the emerging carbon industry. COALBED METHANE Jack C. Pashin5 EMD Activities The 2012 AAPG Annual Convention and Exposition in Long Beach featured presentations on environmental impacts, coal seam CO2 storage, and seismic characterization of coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs. The 2013 program in Pittsburgh featured an oral presentation on produced water and poster presentations covering topics from resource evalua- tion to stable isotopes in CBM reservoirs. One goal of the EMD Coalbed Methane Committee is to monitor international CBM activi- ties more closely. Sources of international produc- tion and reserves data are being examined and are important for characterizing expansion of the CBM industry in Australia and Asia. The chairmanship of the Coalbed Methane Committee remains open, and the search for a new chair continues. Industry Activity, Production, and Reserves The U.S. remains the world leader in CBM exploration, booked reserves, and production. Cur- rently, there is commercial coalbed gas production or exploration in approximately 12 U.S. basins and sev- eral basins in Canada. However, activity has slowed substantially in response to low gas prices. The major producing areas are the Powder River, San Juan, Black Warrior, Central Appalachian, Raton, and Uinta ba- sins. Other U.S. areas with significant exploration or 5Boone Pickens School of Geology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Chair, EMD Coalbed Methane Committee. production are the Cherokee, Arkoma, Illinois, Han- na, Gulf Coast, and Greater Green River basins. Development continues in all major U.S. basins, and the principal environmental issue confronting the industry is water disposal. Production operations are maturing, and the U.S. DOE has sponsored a series of studies on produced water management and CO2-en- hanced coalbed methane recovery. Of major interest is a new pilot program that is being led by Virginia Tech in the Appalachian Basin of Virginia, which is sched- uled to begin injection of up to 20,000 short tons (18,144 metric tonnes) of CO2 into multiple coal seams to determine the viability of enhanced recovery and geologic storage. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) has released CBM production and reserve numbers through the end of 2010. CBM production in 2010 was 1,886 billion cubic feet (Bcf) (53.4 bil- lion m3), decreasing by 1.5% from 2009 (Fig. 4; Ta- ble 1) (U.S. Energy Information Administration 2012c). Booked reserves decreased from 18,578 Bcf (526 billion m3) in 2009 to 17,508 Bcf (496 billion m3) in 2010 representing a decrease of 1,070 Bcf (30 bil- lion m3) (5.7%) (Fig. 5; Table 2). CBM represented 8.5% of 2010 dry gas production and 5.7% of proved dry gas reserves in the U.S. Interestingly, CBM pro- duction is declining only slightly as a proportion of U.S. gas production but is declining significantly in terms of proved dry gas reserves. This decline is re- lated to the booking of major shale gas reserves, which is significantly changing U.S. gas markets (Fig. 6). Most CBM activity in the eastern U.S. is focused on the Appalachian Basin of southwestern Virginia and the Black Warrior Basin of Alabama, with several companies actively developing joint CBM and coal- mine methane (CMM) projects. In southwestern Virginia, production has decreased substantially from 111 Bcf (3.1 billion m3) in 2009 to 97 Bcf (2.7 bil- lion m3) in 2010 (Table 1). West Virginia production declined from 31 to 17 Bcf (0.9 to 0.5 billion m3) over the same time period. Pennsylvania production de- creased from 16 to 3 Bcf. In Alabama, production decline was less pronounced, with 105 Bcf (2.97 bil- lion m3) being produced in 2009 and 102 Bcf (2.89 billion m3) being produced in 2010. The Midcontinent region consists of the Cherokee, Forest City, Arkoma, and Illinois Basins. Horizontal drilling has been an effective development strategy, al- though major increases of production in recent years are now being offset by slowed development. Kansas pro- duction decreased modestly from 43 Bcf (1.21 bil- lion m3) in 2009 to 41 Bcf (1.16 billion m3) in 2010,PDF Image | Unconventional Energy Resources
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