PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 015
Unconventional Energy Resources: 2013 Review Table 3. Characteristics of main tight-gas sandstone reservoirs in China (Yukai et al. 2011) Basin Ordos basin Sichuan basin Faulted depression beneath the Songlaio basin Southern deep layer in the Junggar basin 1 m = 3.28 ft; 1 Trillion m3 = 35.31 Trillion cubic feet. produced from unconventional shale reservoirs that range in age from Ordovician to Tertiary. Interestingly, natural gas has been produced from shales in the U.S. for more than 200 years. The first documented production of natural gas from shales was that from Devonian rocks in New York in 1821 (Hill et al. 2008), and the gas was used to light street lamps in at least one town (Roen 1993). Al- though this early production proved that gas could be successfully exploited from shales, shale gas production remained low and even in 1990, gas from shales accounted for less than 1% of all the natural gas produced in the U.S. (based on production fig- ures from U.S. Energy Information Administration 2013a). Nevertheless, by 2010, approximately 23% of gas produced in the U.S. was from shales (U.S. Energy Information Administration 2013a) and current projections are that by 2040, about 50% of domestic gas production will be from shales (Fig. 6). Examples of how shales have contributed to overall increases in production in some states can be seen in Figure 13. For example, in Texas, exploita- tion from the Mississippian Barnett Shale resulted in the statewide increase in gas production starting in 2004, although Barnett production started more than 10 years earlier. In addition, the statewide increase observed in 2011 for Texas is due to exploitation from the Cretaceous Eagle Ford Formation as well as the Jurassic Haynesville Shale (U.S. Energy Information Administration 2012d). The Haynes- ville is also responsible for the statewide increase in gas production in Louisiana, whereas production from the Mississippian Fayetteville Shale (Fig. 13) resulted in the statewide increase for Arkansas. The Devonian Marcellus Shale is responsible for increase in gas production in Pennsylvania and West Vir- ginia. Shale gas development, although in its infancy, is also underway from the Devonian Horn River Formation and the Triassic Montney Formation in western Canada (Jock McCracken, Egret Consulting, written communication, 2013). Depth (m) 2500–4500 1500–4500 1500–6000 4000–7000 Amount of Resources (trillion m3) 8.4 3.5 Not estimated Not estimated Production of oil from mudrocks—commonly referred to as ‘‘tight oil’’—is also occurring in the U.S. and the increase in domestic exploitation has contrib- uted to the observed reversal in oil production after a general decline over the last 20 years (U.S. Energy Information Administration 2012d). The increase in production of tight oil is most apparent in North Da- kota, due to exploitation of the Late Devonian-Early Mississippian Bakken Formation; oil and condensate production from the Eagle Ford Formation in Texas (Fig. 14) also has contributed significantly to an overall increase in domestic production in the U.S. The Bak- ken Formation in Manitoba and Saskatchewan is also producing oil (Jock McCracken, Egret Consulting, written communication, 2013). Oil produced from the Late Devonian-Early Mississippian Woodford Shale has helped to keep production level from Oklahoma over the past decade (Fig. 14). Although there is active exploration elsewhere in the world for unconventional gas and oil, suc- cessful exploitation is limited. Overall, Europe re- mains relatively unexplored as compared to North America, with Paleozoic and Mesozoic organic-rich rocks as potential exploration targets. Nevertheless, recent decisions to scale back exploration efforts have made it difficult to evaluate what the future holds for European shale gas and oil exploitation (Ken Chew, Independent Analyst, written communi- cation, 2013). As with Europe, many parts of Asia remain relatively unexplored for unconventional shale gas and oil, but interest in these plays is cer- tainly high. Australia, China, New Zealand, India, and Japan have all experienced interest in explora- tion for shale gas and oil (Shu Jiang, University of Utah, Energy Geosciences Institute, and Jeff Ald- ridge, Dart Energy, Ltd., Singapore, written com- munication, 2013). Mesozoic organic-rich rocks in South America also have potential as unconven- tional shale gas and oil reservoirs, but exploration and exploitation of these reservoirs is not as mature as that in North America.PDF Image | Unconventional Energy Resources
PDF Search Title:
Unconventional Energy ResourcesOriginal File Name Searched:
EMD_AAPG_2013_NRR_online.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)