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4 21st Aachen Colloquium Automobile and Engine Technology 2012 Steam enters the chambers by turns and expands in order to produce mechanical work. The steam flow into the cylinder is controlled by gliding valves. Piston rings and valves are not lubricated. Crank drive and valve train are lubricated with engine oil. Appropriate sealing systems separate the steam chamber from the lubricated area. The crank drive is realized as Scotch yoke. This has the main advantage that the piston itself has longitudinal forces only. Transversal forces are intercepted by bushings in which the piston rod is gliding. Another advantage is that this concept needs a low length of the machine compared to an approach with cross-head. Basic data of the piston machine are summarized in Fig. 3. Displacement [Liter] Stroke [mm] Piston Diameter [mm] Working fluids 0,9 81 87 Water, Ethanol Fig. 3: Basic data of piston machine 4.2 System Model Assumptions Assumptions for the boundary conditions must be met for each of the different working fluids in order to simulate the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). These are shown in Fig. 4. The maximum temperature for the working fluid is determined by the thermal stability of the respective fluid. The pressure on the low pressure side of the ORC arises from the saturation pressure of the working medium at 100°C, respectively. This is derived from cooling system requirements. The maximum pressure of the working fluid, the gearing efficiency, the pump efficiency, the specific exhaust gas heat capacity, the efficiency of the heat exchanger as well as the minimal temperature difference of the heat exchanger are determined by the constructive design of the system for all working fluids. These parameters are used for both, the piston machine and the turbine.PDF Image | Waste Heat Recovery for Commercial Vehicles with a Rankine Process
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