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6 21st Aachen Colloquium Automobile and Engine Technology 2012 4.4 Predicted Results based on Simulation The performance of the system has been evaluated for different engine operating points of the European steady-state cycle (ESC) for heavy duty vehicles with water as working fluid. Fig. 5 shows the power output based on a 12 l heavy duty engine. The isentropic power is the theoretical peak power output of the piston machine for a reversible adiabatic process. It is derived from the enthalpy difference between inlet and outlet of the machine. The thermal power is the real power of the steam in the chamber. It is obtained from the integration of the calculated p-V-diagram. The power output additionally takes into account the friction of the machine. Choosing B75 as operating point the effective power output of the piston machine amounts to 12 kW, cf. Fig 5. This is approximately 5 % of the power of the Diesel engine. At the operating point B25 the power output of the piston expander is still approximately 4%. 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 Fig. 5: Calculated power output of the piston machine with water as working fluid A100 B25 B50 Engine Operating Point Thermal Power B75 B100 Expander Power Output Isentropic Power 4.5 Experimental Set-up For the testing of the piston expander the entire waste heat recovery system is realized in a test rack, see Fig. 6. The heat source is a 12 l heavy duty engine. The heat exchangers of exhaust and EGR are prototypes aimed for a WHR system. For measurement of the expander output power a hydraulic machine is used. Thus the speed of the expander can be controlled during the operation of the piston machine. Since the piston machine prototype does not have an own starting feature, the load unit can also be used for starting the machine. 3.0 5.5 4.2 7.3 Power [kW] 11.2 8.9 12.6 12.0 19.4 14.3 17.9 13.9 18.2 28.0 20.7PDF Image | Waste Heat Recovery for Commercial Vehicles with a Rankine Process
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