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21st Aachen Colloquium Automobile and Engine Technology 2012 13 The fluids water, ethanol, MM (hexamethydisiloxane), R245fa and toluene are considered for the turbine. For the piston machine only water and ethanol were taken into account. The other fluids mentioned above show a poor performance in a piston machine with the given boundary conditions. Due to the high volume flow the displacement of the piston machine would have to be increased significantly, which does not seem feasible. Fig. 13 shows the power output of a WHR circuit for different fluids at different engine operating points. The ordinate displays the power output of the expansion machine minus the required power of the fluid pump. 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Toluene_Turb B25 MM_Turb B50 B75 Engine Operating Point WHR Power R 245fa_Turb Water_Turb Ethanol_Turb Water_Pist Ethanol_Pist Fig. 13: Power output of the waste heat recovery system Fig. 14 depicts the ratio of WHR power output divided by the power of the Diesel engine at the appropriate testing point. The maximum power output can be obtained with the fluid toluene using a turbine at B50 or at higher loads. From thermodynamic point of view toluene looks favourable. However, toluene is classified as harmful to health [3] and is therefore not recommendable. R245fa, which represents the fluid group of refrigerants, shows the lowest performance in this comparison. With an assumed condensation temperature of 100°C, the resulting condensation pressure of R245fa is rather high (12 bar). Based on R245fa a significant performance increase can be achieved if the condensation temperature is below 60°C. Finally, R245fa has a high Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 950 [3]. Thus a development to replace refrigerant fluids is expected. 2.4 1.9 0.6 1.8 2.2 3.0 1.9 Power [kW] 3.5 5.8 7.6 6.9 6.7 7.3 7.2 6.2 10.1 14.3 12.2 12.1 11.8 12.3PDF Image | Waste Heat Recovery for Commercial Vehicles with a Rankine Process
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