PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 005
areas, the lithosphere behaves as a rigid body. Below the lithosphere is the zone known as the asthenosphere, 200-300 km in thickness, and of a "less rigid" or "more plastic" behaviour. In other words, on a geological scale, where time is measured in millions of years, this part of the Earth behaves in much the same way as a fluid in certain processes. Because of the difference in temperature between the different parts of the asthenosphere, convective movements and, possibly, convective cells were formed some tens of millions of years ago. Their extremely slow movement (a few centimetres per year) is maintained by the heat produced continually by the decay of the radioactive elements and the heat coming from the deepest parts of the Earth. Immense volumes of deep, hotter rocks, less dense and lighter than the surrounding material, rise with these movements towards the surface, while the colder, denser and heavier rocks near the surface tend to sink, re-heat and rise to the surface once again, very similar to what happens to water boiling in a pot or kettle. In zones where the lithosphere is thinner, and especially in oceanic areas, the lithosphere is pushed upwards and broken by the very hot, partly molten material ascending from the asthenosphere, in correspondence to the ascending branch of convective cells. It is this mechanism that created and still creates the spreading ridges that extend for more than 60,000 km beneath the oceans, emerging in some places (Azores, Iceland) and even creeping between continents, as in the Red Sea. A relatively tiny fraction of the molten rocks upwelling from the asthenosphere emerges from the crests of these ridges and, in contact with the seawater, solidifies to form a new oceanic crust. Most of the material rising from the asthenosphere, however, divides into two branches that flow in opposite directions beneath the lithosphere. The continual generation of new crust and the pull of these two branches in opposite directions has caused the ocean beds on either side of the ridges to drift apart at a rate of a few centimetres per year. Consequently, the area of the ocean beds (the oceanic lithosphere) tends to increase. The ridges are cut perpendicularly by enormous fractures, in some cases a few thousand kilometres in length, called transform faults. These phenomena lead to a simple observation: since there is apparently no increase in the Earth's surface with time, the formation of new lithosphere along the ridges and the spreading of the ocean beds must be accompanied by a comparable shrinkage of the lithosphere in other parts of the globe. This is indeed what happens in subduction zones, the largest of which are indicated by huge ocean trenches, such as those extending along the western margin of the Pacific Ocean and the western coast of South America. In the subduction zones the lithosphere folds downwards, plunges under the adjacent lithosphere and re-descends to the very hot deep zones, where it is "digested" by the mantle and the cycle begins all over again. Part of the lithospheric material returns to a molten state and may rise to the surface again through fractures in the crust. As a consequence, magmatic arcs with numerous volcanoes are formed parallel to the trenches, on the opposite side to that of the ridges. Where the trenches are located in the ocean, as in the Western Pacific, these magmatic arcs consist of chains of volcanic islands; where the trenches 5PDF Image | What is geothermal energy
PDF Search Title:
What is geothermal energyOriginal File Name Searched:
Dickson.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |