What is geothermal energy

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What is geothermal energy ( what-is-geothermal-energy )

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Geothermal energy is usually classified as renewable and sustainable. Renewable describes a property of the energy source, whereas sustainable describes how the resource is utilized. The most critical aspect for the classification of geothermal energy as a renewable energy source is the rate of energy recharge. In the exploitation of natural geothermal systems, the recharge of energy takes place by advection of thermal water on the same time scale as production from the resource. This justifies our classification of geothermal energy as a renewable energy resource. In the case of hot, dry rocks, and some of the hot water aquifers in sedimentary basins, energy recharge is only by thermal conduction; due to the slowness of the latter process, however, hot dry rocks and some sedimentary reservoirs should be considered as finite energy resources (Stefansson, 2000). The sustainability in consumption of a resource is dependent on its initial quantity, its rate of generation and its rate of consumption. Consumption can obviously be sustained over any time period in which a resource is being created faster than it is being depleted. The term sustainable development is used by the World Commission on Environment and Development to mean development that “..meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the needs of future generations.” In this context, sustainable development does not imply that any given energy resource needs to be used in a totally sustainable fashion, but merely that a replacement for the resource can be found that will allow future generations to provide for themselves despite the fact that the particular resource has been depleted. Thus, it may not be necessary that a specific geothermal field be exploited in sustainable fashion. Perhaps we should direct our geothermal sustainability studies towards reaching and then sustaining a certain overall level of geothermal production at a national or regional level, both for electrical power generation and direct heat applications, for a certain period, say 300 years, by bringing new geothermal systems on line as others are depleted (Wright, 1998). 12

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