PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 022
01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW FiguFrigeu2re. 2A.vAevreargaegeAnnual GrroowwththRaRteasteosf RoefnReewnaeblweaEbnlergEynCearpgayciCtyaapnadcBitiyofaunelds PBriodfucetlisonP, rEondu-2c0ti0o8n–, E20n1d3-2008–2013 % 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 39 35 3.2 3.7 4 4.2 Growth Rate in 2013 Growth Rate End-2008 through 2013 12.4 Wind 15.7 5.6 Source: See Endnote 5 for this section. Geothermal power Hydro- power Solar PV Power CSP Biodiesel Solar heating Heating 11.4 Ethanol production production Transport 22 Further, renewables operate on an un-level playing field in which energy prices do not fully reflect externalities. Global subsidies for fossil fuels and nuclear power remain high despite discussions about their phase-out, encouraging inefficient energy use while also hindering investment in renewables.10 Depending on the calculation method used, estimates for the global cost of fossil fuel subsidies range from USD 544 billion to USD 1.9 trillion—several times higher than those for renewable energy.11 (See Sidebar 6, GSR 2013.) Electric grid-related challenges continued in 2013. These include lack of transmission infrastructure in some locations, delays in grid connection, and sometimes the curtailment of renewable generation.12 At high penetration levels, variable renewables can pose challenges for electricity grid system operators. A growing number of countries is aiding integration through improvements in grid management practices, improving system flexibility, and modifying existing grid infrastructure and technologies.13 (See Feature, GSR 2013.) Overall, with some exceptions in Europe and the United States, renewables saw a number of significant and positive developments in 2013.14 Wind power moved more firmly into Africa and Latin America; concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) shifted its focus further to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and to South Africa; renewable process heat fuelled industries from Chile to Europe to India; and solar PV continued to spread across the globe, with most capacity on-grid but also significant increases in off-grid markets in developing countries. Such developments make it increasingly evident that renewables are no longer dependent upon a small handful of countries. Indeed, during 2013, major renewable energy companies further shifted their focus away from traditional markets in Europe and into Africa, Asia, and Latin America, where strong new markets are emerging in all sectors, both on and off the grid.15 Renewables have been aided by continuing advances in technologies, falling prices, and innovations in financing, driven largely by policy support. These developments are making renewable energy more economical than new fossil and nuclear installations under many circumstances, and thus more affordable for a broader range of consumers in developed and developing countries.16 In addition, there is increasing aware- ness of renewable energy technologies and resources, and their potential to help meet rapidly rising energy demand, while also creating jobs, accelerating economic development, reducing local air pollution, improving public health, and reducing carbon emissions.17 There is also a growing recognition that renewable energy can expand access to modern energy services in developing countries, both rapidly and cost effectively.18 As more attention turns to issues of energy access, as prices decline, and as new business models emerge, it is becoming apparent that rural energy markets in developing countries offer significant business opportunities, and products are being tailored specifically to meet the needs of these markets.19 (See Distributed Renewable Energy section.) Increasingly, renewable energy is considered crucial for meeting current and future energy needs. In Latin America, for example, renewables are now seen as a critical energy source.20 (See Sidebar 2.) To achieve a variety of energy security and sustainability goals, growing numbers of cities, states, and regions around the world seek to transition to 100% renewable 55 48 21 14 5.7 11PDF Image | About ElectraTherm
PDF Search Title:
About ElectraThermOriginal File Name Searched:
gsr2014_full_report_low_res.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |