PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 025
energy in individual sectors or economy-wide, and many have already achieved their targets.21 As markets have become more global, industries have responded by increasing their flexibility and developing global strategies and supply chains.22 In 2013, manufacturers continued to diversify products to increase product value, and many advanced further into project development and ownership. Many renewable industries saw a rapid increase in worldwide demand for construction and engineering, consulting, equipment maintenance, and operations services.23 Several industries had a difficult year, with consolidation continuing, particularly in solar energy and wind power. But the picture brightened by year’s end, with many solar PV and wind turbine manufacturers returning to profitability.24 Global investment in renewables declined again in 2013, largely due to falling system costs and policy uncertainty.25 Still, renewables outpaced fossil fuels for the fourth year running in terms of net investment in power capacity additions.26 Further, 2013 was a watershed year for renewable energy financing, with the development and enactment of new financing structures that provide access to low-cost money through capital markets.27(See Investment Flows section.) Projects (particularly wind and solar PV) changed hands at record rates during the year, reflecting in part a growing interest in renewable energy asset investments among pension funds and other institutional investors that anticipate solid long-term returns.28 Innovative financing mechanisms, such as crowd funding and risk-guarantee schemes, continued to expand and spread across China, Europe, and the United States, and are increasingly targeting off-grid projects in Africa and Asia.29 A range of actors continued to actively engage in the financing of distributed renewable energy projects for isolated regions of the developing world.30 The impacts of all of these developments on employment numbers in the renewable energy sector have varied by country and technology, but, globally, the number of people working in renewable industries has continued to rise. (See Sidebar 6, page 60, and Table 1, page 63.) ■■POWER SECTOR The most significant growth occurred in the power sector, with global capacity exceeding 1,560 GW in 2013, an increase of more than 8% over 2012.31 Hydropower rose by 4% to approximately 1,000 GWi, while other renewables collectively grew nearly 17% to an estimated 560 GW.32 Globally, hydropower and solar PV each accounted for about one-third of renewable power capacity added in 2013, followed closely by wind power (29%).33For the first time, more solar PV than wind power capacity was added worldwide.34 (See Reference Table R1.) Around the world, policy support and investment in renewable energy have continued to focus primarily on the electricity sector. Consequently, renewables have accounted for a growing share of electric generation capacity added globally each year.35 In 2013, renewables made up more than 56% of net additions to global power capacity and represented far higher shares of capacity added in several countries around the world.36 In the EU, renewables accounted for the majority of new capacity for the sixth year running.37 By year’s end, renewables comprised an estimated 26.4% of the world’s power generating capacity.38 This was enough to supply an estimated 22.1% of global electricity, with hydropower providing about 16.4%.39 (See Figure 3.) While renewable capacity continues to rise at a rapid rate from year to year, renewable electricity’s share of global generation is increasing more slowly. This is in large part because overall demand keeps rising rapidly, and also because much of the renewable capacity being added is variable. Even so, variable renewables are achieving high levels of penetration in several countries. For example, throughout 2013, wind power met 33.2% of electricity demand in Denmark and 20.9% in Spain; in Italy, solar PV met 7.8% of total annual electricity demand.40 Hydropower, which provides the single largest share of renewable electricity worldwide, is being used increasingly to balance systems with high shares of variable renewables, sometimes with the aid of pumped storage. FFigiguurree3.. EstiimattedRReenneewwaabbleleEnEenregrygSyhSahreaoref GolfoGbalol bEalelcEtrlieccityriPcritoyduPcrotidonu,cEtinodn-,2E0n1d3-2013 Source: See Endnote 39 for this section. Wind 2.9% Bio-power 1.8% Solar PV 0.7% Geothermal, CSP and Ocean 0.4% Fossil fuels and nuclear 77.9 % Renewable electricity 22.1% Based on renewable generating capacity in operation end-2013. Data do not addBuapseddueotno reounnedwinagb.le generating capacity in operation at year-end 2013. i - The GSR 2013 reported a global total of 990 GW of hydropower capacity at the end of 2012; this figure has been revised downward due to better data availability. This adjustment also affects the global figure for total renewable power capacity. In addition, global hydropower data and thus total renewable energy statistics in this report reflect an effort to remove capacity of pure pumped storage from the totals. For more information, see Methodological Notes, page 142. Hydropower 16.4 % RENEWABLES 2014 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 25 01PDF Image | About ElectraTherm
PDF Search Title:
About ElectraThermOriginal File Name Searched:
gsr2014_full_report_low_res.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)