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01 GLOBAL OVERVIEW Figure 4. Renewable Power Capacities in World, EU-28, BRICS, and Top Six Countries, 2013 Figure 4. Renewable Power Capacities*, EU-28, BRICS, and Top Six Countries, 2013 Gigawatts 600 500 400 300 200 100 560 235 162 Gigawatts 120 100 80 60 40 20 118 93 26 Source: See Endnote 49 for this section. 00 78 Germany 32 31 Spain 27 India Not including hydropower World Total *not including hydropower EU-28 BRICS China United States Italy (See Hydropower section.) Other non-variable renewables such as geothermal and bio-power can play a similar role and provide significant shares of total electricity in some countries. Geothermal power now accounts for 29% of electricity generation in Iceland, and more than one-fifth in El Salvador and Kenya.41 Bio-, geothermal-, and hydropower have long been cost competitive in areas where good resources are available, and this is true for a growing number of technologies in an increasing number of locations.42 The levelised costs of generation from onshore wind and, particularly, solar PV have fallen sharply over the past five years, while average global costs from coal and natural gas generation have increased due to higher capital costs and feedstock prices.43 As a result, an increasing number of wind and solar power projects are being built without public financial support, especially in Latin America, but also in Africa, the Middle East, and elsewhere.44 In response to these changing economics, distributed renewables are starting to challenge traditional electric utility business models, prompting utilities in some countries to push back and call for reduced policy support for renewable electricity.45 At the same time, many utilities from Asia to Europe to North America are investing in wind, solar PV, and other renewables, in addition to hydropower.46 (See Sidebar 7, page 80.) By the end of 2013, China, the United States, Brazil, Canada, and Germany remained the top countries for total installed renewable electric capacity.47 China was home to about 24% of the world’s renewable power capacity, including an estimated 260 GW of hydropower.48 The top countries for non-hydro capacity were again China, the United States, and Germany, followed by Spain, Italy, and India.49 (See Figure 4 and Reference Table R2.) Among the world’s top 20 countries for non-hydro renewable power capacity, those with the highest capacity amounts per inhabitant were all in Europe. Denmark had a clear lead and was followed by Germany, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden.i 50 Considering investment in new renewable power (and fuels) relative to annual GDP, top countries included Uruguay, Mauritius, Costa Rica, South Africa, and Nicaragua.51 While the BRICSii nations together led for total capacity of all renewables (thanks primarily to China), accounting for approximately 38%, the EU still had the most non-hydro installed capacity of any region at the end of 2013, with about 42% of the global total.52 However, the EU’s share of global renewable power capacity is declining as renewable electricity markets outside of Europe expand. (See Top Five Countries Table on page 16 for other rankings.) i - While there are other countries with high per capita amounts of renewable capacity and high shares of renewable electricity, the GSR focusses here on the top 20 countries for total installed capacity of non-hydro renewables. (See Reference Table R13 for country shares of electricity from renewable sources.) ii - The combined economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. CSP and Ocean Power Geothermal power Bio-power Solar PV Wind powerPDF Image | About ElectraTherm
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