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Highlights for 2013 include: ◾■ China’s new renewable power capacity surpassed new fossil and nuclear capacity for the first time.53 All renewables accounted for more than 20% (> 1,000 TWh) of China’s electricity generation.54In the European Union, renewable power installations represented 72% of new electric capacity, up from 70% in 2012.55 This is in stark contrast to a decade earlier, when conventional fossil generation accounted for 80% of new capacity in the EU-27 plus Norway and Switzerland.56 ◾■ In the United States, the share of renewable generation rose to nearly 12.9% (12.2% in 2012), despite a drop in hydropower output and competition from cheap natural gas from shale.57 By contrast, the share of net electricity generation from coal declined nearly 19% over the period 2008–2013.58 ◾■ Spain became the first country to generate more electricity from wind power (20.9% of total) than from any other source for the entire year.59 ◾■ India added more than 4 GW of renewable capacity for a total of about 70.5 GW.60 While hydropower represented most of the total (62%), solar PV and wind accounted for almost 70% of 2013 renewable additions.61 Yet India’s power capacity is expanding rapidly, and renewables made up less than 17% of total additions from all sources during 2013.62 ◾■ Wind power was excluded from one of Brazil’s auctions because it was pricing all other generation sources out of the market.63 By year’s end, Brazil had 3.5 MW of commissioned wind power capacity, and more than 10 GW of additional capacity was under contract.64 ◾■ Even as global investment in solar PV declined nearly 22% relative to 2012, new capacity installations increased by more than 32%.65 ◾■ By early 2013, at least 18 countries generated more than 10% of their electricity with non-hydro renewable resources, up from an estimated 8 countries in 2010. These included Denmark, El Salvador, Kenya, Lithuania, and Austria.66 ◾■ Many communities and regions around the world have targeted, or already successfully transitioned to, 100% renewable electricity.67 Djibouti, Scotland, and the small- island state of Tuvalu, for example, aim to derive 100% of their electricity from renewable sources by 2020.68 i - Note that part of this growth is also due to voluntary decisions of suppliers, residential customers. Customers of such suppliers account for up to 20% of Around the world, households and businesses are opting increasingly for “green” offerings from traditional utilities and new energy providers, voluntarily buying renewable energy (most commonly electricity) that is produced outside of, or beyond, regulatory requirements. Germany remains one of the world’s leaders for voluntary renewable power purchasing. Its market grew from 0.8 million residential customers in 2006 to 4.9 million in 2012, or 12.5% of all private households in the country. In 2011, they purchased 15 terawatt-hours (TWh) of green power, and commercial customers bought a further 10.3 TWh.i 69 Other major European green power markets include Austria, Belgium (Flanders), Finland, Hungary, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, although the market share in these countries remains below German levels.70 Green power markets also exist in Australia, Canada, Japan, South Africa, and the United States.71 More than half of U.S. electricity customers have the option to purchase green power directly from their local utility, and 47 of the 50 states (plus the District of Columbia) have utilities and/or competitive electricity suppliers that offer a green power option. In 2012, total U.S. retail green power sales exceeded 48 TWh (about 1.3% of total U.S. electricity sales).72 Major industrial and commercial customers in Europe, India, Mexico, and the United States continued to turn to renewables to reduce their energy costs while increasing the reliability of their energy supply. Many set ambitious renewable energy targets in 2013, installed and operated their own renewable power systems, or signed purchase agreements to buy directly from renewable energy project operators, bypassing utilities.73 Community-owned and co-operative projects also increased in numbers in Australia, Japan, and Thailand, as well as in North America and several countries in Europe.74 Denmark has a long history of co-operatively owned projects; in Germany, almost half of renewable power capacity was citizen owned as of 2013, and about 20 million Germans lived in so-called 100% renewable energy regions.75 The year saw expanded installations of small-scale, distributed renewable systems for remote locations as well as grid- connected systems where consumers prefer to generate at least a portion of their electricity on-site.76 Technology advances are enabling the establishment of micro- and mini-grids that rely significantly, if not entirely, on renewable energy. Micro-grids are emerging in developed countries, in particular, where they are generally connected to an overlying central grid.ii In developing countries, mini-grids are playing an increasingly important role in providing electricity access to remote communities.77 (See Sidebar 8 in GSR 2013.) generally for marketing purposes, to procure renewable electricity for all of their the voluntary green power market in Germany. (See Endnote 69 for this section.) ii - A micro-grid is a small-scale power grid, with its own power resources, generation, loads, and definable boundaries that can operate independently of, or in conjunction with, an area’s main power grid. It can be intended as back-up power or to bolster main grid power during periods of heavy demand. It is often used to reduce costs, enhance reliability, and/or as a means of incorporating renewable energy. RENEWABLES 2014 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 27 01PDF Image | About ElectraTherm
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