PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 065
TECHNOLOGY HOT WATER / HEATING / COOLING Biomass heat plant TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Plant size: 0.1–15 MWth Capacity factor: ~50–90% Conversion efficiency: 80–90% Plant size: 5–100 MWth Capacity factor: 15–30% Conversion efficiency: 80–95% CAPITAL COSTS USD / kW 400–1,500 TYPICAL ENERGY COSTS LCOE – U.S. cents / kWh 4.7–29 Domestic pellet heater 360–1,400 6.5–36 Biomass CHP Geothermal space heating (buildings) Plant size: 0.5–100 kWth Capacity factor: ~60–80% Conversion efficiency: 70–80% for heat and power Plant size: 0.1–1 MWth Capacity factor: 25–30% 600–6,000 1,865–4,595 4.3–12.6 10–27 Geothermal space heating (district) Plant size: 3.8–35 MWth Capacity factor: 25–30% 665–1,830 5.8–13 Ground-source Plant size: 10–350 kWth 500–2,250 7–13 heat pumps Load factor: 25–30% Solar thermal: Domestic hot water systems Collector type: flat-plate, evacuated tube (thermosiphon and pumped systems) Plant size: 2.1–4.2 kWth (single-family); 35 kWth (multi-family) Efficiency: 100% Single-family: 1,100–2,140 (OECD, new build); 1,300–2,200 (OECD, retrofit) 147–634 (China) Multi-family: 950–1,850 (OECD, new build); 1,140–2,050 (OECD, retrofit) 1.5–28 (China) Solar thermal: Domestic heat and hot water systems (combi) Collector type: same as water only Plant size: 7–10 kWth (single-family); 70–130 kWth (multi-family); 70–3,500 kWth (district heating); >3,500 kWth (district heat with seasonal storage) Efficiency: 100% Single-family: same as water only Multi-family: same as water only District heat (Europe): 460–780; with storage: 470–1,060 5–50 (domestic hot water) District heat: 4 and up (Denmark) Solar thermal: Industrial process heat Collector type: flat-plate, evacuated tube, parabolic trough, linear Fresnel Plant size: 100 kWth–20 MWth Temperature range: 50–400 °C 470–1,000 (without storage) 4–16 Solar thermal: Cooling Capacity: 10.5–500 kW (absorption chillers); 8–370 kW (adsorption chillers) Efficiency: 50–70% 1,600–5,850 n/a TECHNOLOGY TRANSPORT FUELS FEEDSTOCKS FEEDSTOCK CHARACTERISTICS ESTIMATED PRODUCTION COSTS U.S. cents / litre1 Biodiesel Soy, rapeseed, mustard seed, palm, jatropha, waste vegetable oils, animal fats Range of feedstocks with different crop yields per hectare; hence, production costs vary widely among countries. Co-products include high-protein meal. Soybean oil: 56–72 (Argentina); 100–120 (Global average) Palm oil: 100–130 (Indonesia, Malaysia, and other) Rapeseed oil: 105–130 (EU) Ethanol Sugar cane, sugar beets, corn, cassava, sorghum, wheat (and cellulose in the future) Range of feedstocks with wide yield and cost variations. Co-products include animal feed, heat and power from bagasse residues. Advanced biofuels are not yet fully commercial and have higher costs. Sugar cane: 82–93 (Brazil) Corn (dry mill): 85–128 (United States) 1 Litre of diesel of gasoline equivalent Notes: To the extent possible, costs provided are indicative economic costs, levelised, and exclusive of subsidies or policy incentives. Several components determine the levelised costs of energy/heat (LCOE/H), including: resource quality, equipment cost and performance, balance of system/project costs (includ- ing labour), operations and maintenance costs, fuel costs (biomass), the cost of capital, and productive lifetime of the project. The costs of renewables are site specific, as many of these components can vary according to location. Costs for solar electricity vary greatly depending on the level of available solar resources. It is important to note that the rapid growth in installed capacity of some renewable technologies and their associated cost reductions mean that data can become outdated quickly; solar PV costs, in particular, have changed rapidly in recent years. Costs of off-grid hybrid power systems that employ renewables depend largely on system size, location, and associated items such as diesel backup and battery storage. Source: See Endnote 115 for this section for sources and assumptions. RENEWABLES 2014 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 65 02PDF Image | About ElectraTherm
PDF Search Title:
About ElectraThermOriginal File Name Searched:
gsr2014_full_report_low_res.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |