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68 than in the case of cooling or air conditioning [2]. Many prototypes of ice making adsorption devices driven by solar energy exist in the world [11, 23, 29]. Its work corresponds to the natural diurnal and nocturnal solar periods. Desorption occurs during the day, adsorption and ice making – during the night. These systems are usually built as well-insulated containers which are cooled by the produced ice. Medicines, vaccines and food can be kept in them in those regions of the globe, in which there is no access to electricity, and thus the application of conventional refrigerators is not possible. Another possibility is to use waste heat as an energy source. Prototypes of such devices are also known [15]. The produced ice can be used e.g. for fish preservation on fishing boats. Adsorption heat pumps are devices based on a similar principle as adsorption cooling systems [30] but they can be used for both heating and cooling. In this case solar energy, geothermal energy or waste heat can be used as a source of driving energy. 8. Conclusions Cooling (heating) systems based on adsorption-desorption cycles are environmentally friendly and have many advantages which allow them to compete with absorption and compression devices. A great advantage is a possibility of using waste heat or solar energy as an energy source. Studies on adsorption cooling are conducted in many countries of the world. However, these studies have not led yet to a state that allows researchers to model, design and apply these systems commercially. Tests are conducted for specific cases and there are no generalizations, which are necessary for predicting how the process will run under different conditions. Nowadays, the coefficients of performance are unacceptably low, adsorption- -desorption cycles are too long and volume and mass of adsorption devices are too large for the commercial use. Further research, concerning for example heat and mass transfer enhancement, is necessary. A numerical simulation can play an important role in this field. Moreover, adsorption cooling seems to be a prospective field for research as there are few studies on their work under the central European climatic zone conditions. References [1] C o u l o m b D ., Statement given by the Director of The International Institute of Refrigeration (www.un.org/webcast/unfccc/2006/statements/061117iir_e.pdf – viewing date: 02.06.2011). [2] Fan Y., Luo L., Souyri B., Review of solar sorption refrigeration technologies: Development and applications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 11, 2011, 1758-1775. [3] Report on electric grid failures of the journal “Energetyka” (www.elektroenergetyka. pl/592/elektroenergetyka_nr_ 03_10-11_1a.pdf – viewing date: 26.04.2011). [4] Transmission & Distribution World (www.tdworld.com/customer_service/con-ed- power-outage-study-0710 – viewing date: 26.04.2011).PDF Image | ADSORPTION COOLING AS WASTE HEAT UTILIZATION
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