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Australian Geothermal Energy Conference 2011 Figure 8: Net MW capacity of a geothermal well as a function of temperature, from Sanyal et al. (2007). The “MIT Report” of Tester et al. (2007) undertook an extensive study of the promise of EGS for the USA, and this document proved very influential in swaying political and investment favor towards EGS. In the four years that have followed, at least six EGS projects have been initiated in the US, as well as several in other countries. Although some may choose to argue about the definition of EGS, by the definition of many the first commercial EGS development has been in operation at Landau in Germany since 2008 (Schellschmidt et al., 2010). The successful stimulation of hot rock has been achieved in many “research” EGS projects dating back to the Fenton Hill, New Mexico, project in the 1970s. However it is only as the number of projects has grown that a more routine understanding of their creation and management has expanded. In August 2011, Doone Wyborn presented a summary of experiences in EGS stimulations, providing a very useful side-by-side comparison of EGS projects in different environments. Some of Wyborn’s tables are reproduced here, with permission. It is important to note that success can be claimed if considerable seismic activity was achieved with water injection at pressures below the minimum principal stress at the particular site. This process has been well known for some time (Pine and Batchelor, 1984). Table 1 reproduces Wyborn’s summary of projects that reported both successful stimulation and production. Table 2 reproduces his summary of stimulation projects that did not have production or had minimal production. It is also instructive to compare projects in granite to projects in other kinds of rocks (generally either sandstone or volcanics). In general the experiences of granite EGS stimulations (which have been the most common) differ from fracture stimulation in sandstones and volcanic tuffs. The stimulation at Groß Schönebeck in Germany, reported by Zimmermann et al. (2008) was an especially interesting one in that the fracturing involved distinct and independent injections into one formation that was sandstone and another that was volcanic. In this case the stimulation treatment was a propped fracture, presumably tensile, unlike the unpropped, slip fractures generally created in granite. Zimmermann et al. (2010) summarised the results, including that of a Project Years Rock type Depth (m) Production Temperature (°C) Production (l/s) Fenton Hill, New Mexico 72‐96 granodiorite 3,600 191 13 Rosemanowes UK 78‐91 granite 2,200 70 16 Le Mayet, France 84‐94 granite 800 22 5.2 Hijiori, Japan 85‐02 tonalite 2,200 180 12.8 Soultz, France 87‐95 granite 3,800 135 21 Soultz 96‐ present granite 5,000 155 25 Landau, Germany 05 ‐ present granite/faults 2,600 160 76 Habanero, South Aust 03‐ present granite 4,250 212 30 Table 1: EGS projects with successful stimulation and production, from Doone Wyborn (August 2011). 112PDF Image | Alaska Geothermal Conference
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