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otherwise be flared) from several smelters to generate power (Primary Energy/EPCOR USA, 2009). The projects generate 220 megawatts of electricity. Including the Arcelor Mittal and other projects, EPCOR USA has interests in 17 power plants totaling 1,500 MW of electricity capacity and five million pounds per hour of thermal energy. Most of this efficient energy is derived from recycled blast furnace gas, recovered waste heat, coal, tire-derived fuel, wood, and natural gas-fired CHP (Primary Energy/EPCOR USA, 2009). Industrial Waste Energy Recycling Systems: Materials and Components The equipment required for industrial waste energy recycling can be simplified into six basic components: a heat recovery steam generator (or if recovering combustible gases, a boiler or other combustion device), a prime mover (typically a steam turbine, but lower-heat applications can use an organic fluid to drive the Rankine cycle turbine), a generator, a condenser/cooling tower, piping, and electrical components. Natural gas-fired CHP projects involve largely the same equipment but also require fired prime movers—in other words, engines and gas turbines. The six energy recycling components named here, their main subcomponents, and the relevant materials they are made from appear in Figure 2. Each of the major components is principally made of steel. Other important inputs include iron, aluminum, copper, concrete, and fiberglass. Installing the equipment at the operation site requires extensive construction, from pads of reinforced concrete to entire buildings. Depending on the site-specific configuration, the condenser/cooling tower arrangement may also require various combinations of lumber, fiberglass, stainless steel, and Teflon (PTFE). In large manufacturing facilities that comprise miles of interconnected pipes, wires, and buildings, the size of the equipment required for waste energy recovery can be substantial. For example, Port Arthur Steam Energy LP is a large waste heat recycling project in Port Arthur, Texas that provides 5 MW of power and 400,000 pounds per hour of high-pressure steam. The project involves 2.5 miles of steam pipeline (Deyoe, 2007). See project details on pages 7-8. 5PDF Image | Carbon-Reducing Technologies and U.S.
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