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End user examples. The largest current U.S. example of industrial waste energy recycling is a series of seven integrated projects serving Arcelor/Mittal Steel in northwest Indiana, built between 1996 and 2004, described on pages 4-5. Another large project, expected to be operational in 2010, is for silicon producer West Virginia Alloys. Waste heat from the silicon process will produce 40-44 MW of electricity, offsetting one-third of the host facility’s electricity needs. An additional notable project is Port Arthur Steam Energy LP, a redevelopment project in Port Arthur, Texas. This project captures high temperature flue gas heat from a petroleum coke calcining operation to produce high pressure steam, much of which is then sold to a neighboring refinery for its processes. Steam sold to the refinery displaces natural gas firing in boilers, saving both fuel and emissions. Part of the steam is also used to produce 5 MW of electricity, supplying power for both the calcining and heat recovery operations, with excess sold to the grid (Deyoe, 2009). Geography. Although the largest concentrations of existing CHP capacity are in California, Louisiana, New York, and Texas, the technical potential exists all over the country (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2008). Midwestern and Gulf states that are home to energy-intensive industries such as steel, glass, cement, and petrochemicals have the highest energy recovery potential—including heat and other wasted energy sources—particularly in Texas and Louisiana (Sjoding, 2007). Government and NGO support. The U.S. government in recent years has provided crucial support for the development of CHP. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have collaborated with the U.S. Clean Heat and Power Association (USCHPA) and the International District Energy Association (IDEA) with the aim of doubling CHP capacity nationwide from 46 gigawatts (GW) in 2001 to 92 gigawatts by 2010. This effort has closely involved stakeholders from industry, academia, non-government organizations and all levels of government. Today the goal has nearly been reached; over 85 GW of CHP has been installed at over 3,000 U.S. sites (Smith, 2008). Other positive developments include a section in the Energy Efficiency Improvement Act of 2007, calling for the EPA to compile an inventory of recoverable waste energy from large U.S. industrial and commercial sources. Funding for this effort is included in the $789 billion American Recovery and Reinvestment Bill of 2009, along with provisions for industrial efficiency and incentives for clean heat and power generation and recovered waste energy. 9PDF Image | Carbon-Reducing Technologies and U.S.
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