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Ι: Applications 1 Introduction Nowadays due to 40% predicted increase in energy consumption of the world, more environmental concerns and less dependency on fossil fuels, demand for sophisticated power supply options is greatly increased. Environmental concerns will be in form of global warming, acid rains, air, water and soil pollution, ozone depletion, forest devastation and radioactive substances emissions. Utilizing waste heats along with attempts to derive energy out of renewable resources as low grade thermal heat sources have motivated the use of ORC. ORC or Organic Rankine cycle basically resembles the steam cycle according to working principles. In ORC, Water is replaced with a high molecular mass fluid with lower degree of boiling temperature in comparison with water. Fluid characteristics make ORC favorable for applications of low temperature heat recovery (normally less than 400°C). In Figure 1, a T‐S diagram of ORC is depicted. As normal ORC, pre‐heater (2‐3) which preheats the working fluid, evaporator (3‐4) which changes the phase of working fluid from liquid to vapor by gaining heat from the heat source, super heater (4‐5) which will superheat the working medium by adding more heat from heat source, turbine (5‐6) which expands the working fluid and extract power from it, de‐superheater (6‐7) which will form saturated vapor fluid at condenser inlet from superheated fluid after turbine, condenser(7‐1) that removes the heat from fluid and make it liquid and pump (1‐2) that increases the liquid pressure are main components. Entire process can be repeated to produce continuous power. Figure 1: Normal ORC T‐S diagram Source: Wikipedia1 1 Wikipedia; available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ideal_and_real_organic_rankine_cycle.jpg: 17.10.2010. 4PDF Image | Exergy
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