Exergy

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Another option to extract biomass energy is biomass combustion. As depicted in Figure 4, the biomass is combusted and a medium (Here thermal oil) delivers heat to vapor generator of ORC unit. Then power will be produced in ORC unit. Waste heat of ORC condenser can be used in district heating system. This heat can also be used in an absorption chiller (tri‐generation) to produce cooling as well as heat and power, depending on demands. Even produced power from ORC can be used in vapor compression chiller. Adding district heating and absorption chiller will increase the total thermal efficiency of whole plant. In Figure 4, ORC fluid after expander will be used in regenerator. In this device (regenerator), remained amount of heat in ORC fluid after turbine will be used to pre‐heat the fluid before entering the ORC evaporator (vapor generator). In a typical plant with 30 MWh/year heat production and net generated electrical power of 4.6 MWh/year, total efficiency of more than 80% is achieved and using 38.240 MWh/year of natural gas is avoided that results in the prevention of carbon‐dioxide emissions to about 10000 tons per year (A.Rentizelas, S. Karellas, E.Kakaras, I.Tatsiopoulos, 2009). The Figure 4 shows how the ORC system will be fit in the combined heat and power system based on biomass combustion. Figure 4: Combined heat and power plant using ORC in combination with Biomass combustion system Source: Energy Conversion and Management 2009 10 Combined heat and power plant using ORC in combination with Biomass combustion system can be compared with combination of biomass gasification and internal combustion engines. In Figure 5, gasification system with IC engines is depicted. In the latter system (gasification based system), biomass is converted to Syngas (CO and 10 A.Rentizelas, S. Karellas, E.Kakaras, I.Tatsiopoulos. Comparative techno‐economic analysis of ORC and gasification for bioenergy applications. Energy Conversion and Management 2009; 50: 674‐681. 13

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