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3 Micro scale application of ORC down to 1KW 31 Micro scale CHP, mainly solar and biomass based, ORCs In many places of the world, same as Africa and south Asia, great number of people do not have access to grid connected electricity. The population nearly reaches 2 billion people. Heat from Solar, biomass and geothermal energy or waste heats in small scales can help in providing clean and cost effective electricity in remote areas. Using ORC in this concept will be a turning point. Moreover, goals to reduce green house gas emission till 2020, has motivated large investment in new cleaner sources of energies. Buildings as one of main energy consumers can also benefit from ORC. Electricity from solar energy is one solution. Photovoltaic systems which have the greatest share of current market are rather costly to be used. Besides, more flexibility and availability of power source persuade other solar based technologies: One novel idea is to use gas and solar hybrid combined heat and power cycles in very small scales for domestic and even remote houses or in offices. This system main energy source is solar energy which is abundant in many places. Since ORC unit input is heat, when solar energy is not available a gas burner or other heat source can be added to increase the availability of system. It is a cheaper solution than PV based electricity generation. Cost and performance of solar based ORC will be compared with solar P‐V in chapter 9 and more details are given in SectionΙΙ, 2. To clarify the micro ORC advantages it is worthwhile to mention that square root of optimum power for ORC is proportional to inverse of ORC speed which is turbine pump rotational speed. Weight to power ratio will be more in case of higher powers since the ORC speed will be less. In other word, it is beneficial to optimize number of installed ORCs units rather than using single unit to reach interested power while the cost of additional unit and additional produced power is considered. All in all, Ability to fulfill undeveloped and remote areas needs of heat and electricity, incorporating waste heat utilization in overall system and less losses and costs for electricity transmission lines will motivate the use of micro scale ORCs which can be driven by heat from solar energy, small amount of gas, biomass, waste heat, etc. In Figure 9, one set of designed micro combined heat and power is depicted. ORC is the core of system. Moreover, In Figure 24, another CHP plant which uses micro ORC as supplementary power generation system is shown, however on that system boiler is not using solar energy directly. 19PDF Image | Exergy
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