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33 Small scale ORC for solar desalination units Great progress on membrane technology has made reverse osmosis as pioneer option in desalination systems. In this technology, a selective membrane removes large molecules from the pressurized solution. To apply pressure on solution, a pump is used. This pumps requires power to be run and this can be supplied by an ORC unit.16 One good incentive to use ORC as driver of desalination unit is that high pressure pump of saline water to membrane unit can be coupled with ORC turbine directly (EX is coupled to HPP in Figure 11) and this reduces the losses in conversion systems which convert electricity to rotational speed and vice versa. To clarify this, in PV based desalination unit electricity is produced and this will run the pump, however, in system of Figure 11 since turbine is coupled with turbine directly, generator is not used and rotational speed is inserted to pump directly and this is a more efficient way. So far using parabolic trough system and screw expander as driver has been best economical option even more appropriate than PV driven systems (Can be 40‐60% less expensive than P‐V based system).55 To have a solar ‐ ORC desalination unit as in Figure 11, a collector system, ORC and desalination unit shall be connected. The heat transfer medium in collector system is pumped water which will deliver the heat from collector (ETC) to ORC evaporator (EV). The turbine in ORC subsystem (EX) will drive a high pressure pump (HPP) from desalination subsystem and this pump will provide water to membrane (RO). A hydraulic turbine (HT) will use remained pressure of fluid coming from the membrane to run a small pump (P3).14 Figure 11: Small scale solar – ORC desalination unit Source: Applied Energy16 Performing an exergy analysis and defining a term called thermodynamic performance will help in analyzing different configuration and fluids for the system. Thermodynamic performance will be defined as exergy of outgoing flow to energy input of each sub‐system. This will show importance of evaporator and proves that 16 B.F. Tchanche, Gr. Lambrinos, A. Frangoudakis, G. Papadakis. Exergy analysis of micro‐organic Rankine power cycles for a small scale solar driven reverse osmosis desalination system. Applied Energy 2010; 87: 1295–1306. 23PDF Image | Exergy
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