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Utilization of lower geothermal wells of about 70 – 100 °C is under intensive investigation. Wells with these temperatures are available in many places of the world; hence, progress in using them will provide vast potential for geothermal based ORC units to produce power. To achieve this, effective and efficient heat exchangers should be used to minimize the heat losses. Little temperature difference of less than 10 °C between forward and return lines in low temperature wells necessitates large heat exchangers area and high mass flow rates. These requirements make the system rather tough to be economically designed. Since heat extraction from low temperature well needs high heat exchanger area, it would not be wrong to assume that most of the costs from low temperature binary power plants are due to heat exchangers. Having systems with efficient and optimum heat exchangers would be giant step forward in improving the cost effectiveness of system. Titanium flat plate heat exchangers which have good heat transfer and are compact and can be suggested (Kontoleontos E., Mendrinos D., Karytsas C, 2010).20,21Regarding the working fluids, Isobutane (R600a) and R134a are recommended by Kontoleontos E., Mendrinos D., Karytsas C, (2010). Due to recent progresses in ORC technology, geothermal ORC in low temperatures (about 70 – 100 °C) is economical nowadays. However some special techniques will help in making the system more economically viable. One novel idea is to use an absorption chiller in contact with cycle condenser. The idea is to use the ORC condenser as chiller evaporator. This will decrease the condenser temperature. Having less condenser temperature will give more temperatures difference between heat source and heat sink which results in better Carnot efficiency for ORC unit. This is easily proven: If Carnot efficiency is defined as temperature difference of heat source and heat sink divided by heat source temperature, it is clear that by fixed heat source temperature; less heat sink temperature connected to condenser will give better Carnot efficiencies. Other ideas same as using Nano‐structured metal‐organic heat carriers can be helpful to enhance the ORC overall performance and reduce the ORC cost. This is a great area for research and development purposes. (Nathanael Baker, 2009).22 42 Geothermal power from waste heat of oil and gas wells Introducing low energy utilization power cycles will make it possible to produce geothermal power from oil and gas wells waste heat. National Renewable Energy Laboratory in USA believes that these geopressured resources can be potentially used to produce 70 000 MW of electricity which accounts for 10% electricity consumption of whole country. Southern Methodist University is working on using produced hot water from oil and gas wells in united states to meet demands of some millions households. 20 Stephan Uhlig, Geotec Consult; available at: http://geoheat.oit.edu/bulletin/bull23‐1/art6.pdf; as accessed: 27.04.2010. 21Kontoleontos E., Mendrinos D., Karytsas C; available at: http://www.lowbin.eu/public/CRES‐ Optimized%20geothermal%20binary%20power%20cycles.pdf; as accessed: 07.10.2010. 22 Nathanael Baker; available at: http://www.energyboom.com/category/tags/mohcs; as accessed: 01.06.2010. 27PDF Image | Exergy
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