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511 Exergy analysis Before 1970s energy analysis was best method to analyze a thermodynamic process. After that and a trend to reduce impact and losses of energy conversion methods to environment, minimization of entropy or exergy analysis has come seriously into play. As wanted, this has helped researchers to reduce internal irreversibility of processes and their losses to environment. Moreover, First law of thermodynamics deals with quantities while quality of energy is not considered by that; hence, exergy analysis is of enormous importance nowadays. This will help recognizing the potential for work extraction from a heat source to the point it reaches equilibrium with the ambient. This method will give better view on efficiency of each thermodynamic process and provide information on both quality and quantity of a heat source. For constant pressure solid or liquid with known heat flow the exergy term is defined as: 1 ) T0 stands for minimum cycle temperature where the heat can be dumped there and T is process temperature.24 Typical waste heat of Iron and steel production site is shown as Figure 14. Figure 14: Steel industry typical waste heat sources and their potential Source: S. Malmström27 As depicted, some cases same as cooling water have high amount of energy, but since the temperature is low the quality will be low as well and this heat cannot be so useful for ORC applications. Surface losses are not focused in some locations and it is hard to harness them during operation without interrupting the process. 27 S. Malmström, available at: http://epubl.luth.se/1402‐1617/2009/110/LTU‐EX‐09110‐SE.pdf, as accessed: 27.05.2010. 32 PDF Image | Exergy
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