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9 Solar thermal electricity generation During last 20 years, solar thermal based electricity generation has been significantly increased globally. Nowadays, just 1% of market share of ORC is related to this technology. In here bellow part, benefits and huge potential of this technology for ORC applications will be introduced. It is generally believed that higher temperature and heat for power cycle yields better performance, as a result steam cycle using water is normally used in solar thermal electricity production systems and attempts have been done to achieve higher temperatures from solar collectors. However, looking more precisely to the system will show several justifications for using ORC. First, turbo machineries for steam cycle are not so efficient in related rather low temperatures of solar systems in comparison with conventional systems. More importantly, to avoid condensation during expansion in steam turbine superheating to temperatures of 600°C is necessary. These temperatures for solar thermal systems are so expensive to be achieved. Thermal energy storage is not even commercialized in these temperatures and solar detectors and high concentrator equipments are expensive in these cases. This is while using ORC instead of steam Rankine cycle does not have these drawbacks. No freezing of working fluid during cold weather threatens ORC fluid while this problem exists in steam cycle which uses water. Since in ORC less heat source temperature in comparison with steam cycle is used, less costly material for solar collector and concentrators is not needed and this will reduce the total cost of system in comparison with steam cycle (Pei Gang, Li Jing, Ji Jie, 2010). This system can be combined with phase change material (PCM) storage system in relatively reasonable costs to increase the period of power generation. In next part, brief description from a sample ORC based solar thermal system is given. 91 Solar thermal electric production system with PCM storage In this system (See Figure 21), solar collectors will receive energy from sun. The gathered heat is transferred to evaporator of ORC unit or it will be stored in phase change material storage system. Overall layout of the system is illustrated in Figure 20. There are three mode of operation for system: 1‐ When sun energy is available and demand for electricity is high: No storage will be done and collector heat will be used in ORC evaporator to evaporate the ORC fluid and run the turbine, consequently, electricity will be produced in ORC unit. 2‐ When energy from sun is available but demand is not high: In this case heat from solar collector is stored in PCM storage. 3‐ When energy from sun is not available and electricity demand exists: Stored energy in PCM storage is used (In this storage system, storage material will change phase by gaining heat and when necessary it will give the heat back by returning to initial phase.) 47PDF Image | Exergy
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