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ΙΙ In depth study: 1 More detailed case studies – Cost reduction and performance improvement of ORC In this section, it is aimed to optimize ORCs for thermal efficiency, net output power, exergetic efficiency, total necessary heat transfer area and cost. As a result this section deals with more details while previous parts included more general aspect of ORC applications. To reach aforementioned goal, equipment of ORC shall be selected properly. The working fluid, ORC turbo machineries speed, degree of superheat, working minimum and maximum temperatures and pressures shall be selected properly. A model for thermal and exergy efficiencies, heat transfers factor and turbine size has been built in EES. The outputs give information on efficiency and cost of cycle as some numbers. Then, effect of selecting components with different characteristics and ORC features has been studied on them. To assure the accuracy of the model, some results have been checked with available information in literature which will be mentioned in next sections. Before starting to study the system in details, it is interesting to calculate the normal ORC Carnot efficiency. This will give us a good estimate on maximum theoretical efficiency which the cycle can gain and to compare the gained thermal efficiencies with that. Carnot efficiency is the temperature difference between heat source and heat sink divided by heat source temperature (in Kelvin). For an ORC cycle with heat Source temperature of 400K and heat sink temperature of 300K, the Carnot efficiency will be about 25%. It is quiet lower than Carnot efficiencies for a normal steam cycle. As a result, this figure should be kept in mind to prohibit down grading the ORC performance while its thermal efficiency is considered. 50PDF Image | Exergy
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