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In addition to reasons provided in mentioned articles and the given data from EES, regarding superheat it should be noted that: available heat source for ORC can be used in both evaporator and superheater. If more fraction of heat is used in evaporator, higher temperature and pressure in evaporator will be achieved (More heat means more heat transfer and this increase evaporator temperature and pressure). Since evaporator pressure above 20 bars and high temperatures will raise the cost of material and safety measures in this heat exchanger, if high pressure and temperature is reached in evaporator, more fraction of input heat will be used in super heater. Otherwise, it is interesting to limit the superheat to increase ORC efficiency (as mentioned by and Yiping Dai, Jiangfeng Wang, Lin Gao , 2009 and gained by EES model). This can be done by giving the right amount of heat from heat source to either evaporator or superheater and also choosing the right pressure increase by pump. For adjusting pump pressure see chapters ΙΙ‐1‐6. In next step, advantages of using rather no superheat which is possible for ORC cycles will be discussed. Due to using dry or Isentropic fluid in ORC, dry expansion in turbine is possible and no or low super heat case is practical. In Table 5 some benefits of using no superheat and even admission of wet fluid is summarized. Wet fluid admission is possible in hermetic expanders and Euler turbines which will be discussed in “Turbine selection”, 10‐4, section. (Definition of terms “Turbine” and “Expander” are given in section A‐2). Items to be benefited Turbine Boilers Other heat exchangers Reasons for cost reduction -Separator and external circulation line is not needed - Boilers with cheaper type of plate fin - Most importantly, no superheat means higher evaporator temperature with the same heat source and this will increase the total efficiency No need for superheating before turbine and de- superheat after that Lubrication Improved power out put ‐ No need for separate lubrication system including oil separator, pump, storage tank, timing gear and shaft seal. ‐ Possibility for mixing oil with working fluid and an extraction line after feed pump to turbine bearings (Fluid will be used for lubrication) Removal of superheat, Less heat is needed no need for de- superheat means Means better efficiency for dry and isentropic fluids41 more enthalpy drop potential after turbine and this means more power Table 5: Benefits of wet fluid admission to turbine Source: ASME, H. Leibowitz, I. K. Smith, N Stosic, 2006. 52 To clarify items of table 5, it is evident that if superheating is omitted, less input heat in the cycle is needed since less temperature after evaporator is needed. De‐superheat after expansion will be removed, since no 52PDF Image | Exergy
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