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superheating is done and fluid after expansion is closer to saturation vapor state. As already mentioned, according to Yiping Dai, Jiangfeng Wang, Lin Gao (2009), and provided model, with dry and isentropic fluids less superheats means better efficiencies. Other items in Table 5 related to boilers and heat exchangers will be discussed in their respective section of 1‐8. A study (H. Leibowitz, I. K. Smith, N Stosic, 2006) 51 shows that typical 24kW electricity ORC with R245fa would be best efficient when admitted fluid to turbine is 88% in quality and this is possible with hermetic expanders. Normal air compressor with 4600 rpm and 102mm male diameter in reverse mode of rotation can be used as expander with about 90°C to give best efficiency. 12 Exergy losses and efficiency For developing the computer model in EES, exergy losses of components and exergy efficiency is added. For this reason, equations 2, 3 and 4 are used. Exergy of each state in cycle is denoted by e, enthalpy by h and standard condition which is 25°C temperature and 1 bar pressure is showed by 0 subscripts: Equation2: Exergy for different states of ORC cycle is calculated. Exergy loss in each component is defined as equation 3. In this equation, exeloss stands for exergy loss in component, ein and eout show the inlet and outlet exergy of each component. W shows the work which is done by that component (For heat exchangers it is assumed to be zero). In equation 4, exergy efficiency is shown by ηexe . This efficiency shows the used exergy in total cycle divided by input exergy of the cycle. Total here means summation for all components of cycle. Equation 3: Equation 4: . In the generated computer model and coming tables, exeloss1 means exergy loss in evaporator. Exeloss2 means exergy loss in turbine and exeloss3 stands for exergy loss in condenser. By using aforementioned equations in the model and running that for ORC cycle, results as in Table 6 shows that by adding the pinch point temperature the exergy loss in the evaporator (exeloss1) will increase. 53PDF Image | Exergy
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