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A new turbine type called Euler turbine can also be added to the list, especially for medium power ranges, e.g.: 250 kW. This turbine has less speed than radial inflow turbines of about half of that and can admit gasses with moisture, due to its centrifugal force which force the moisture out of turbine and since the turbine is to some extent erosion resistant. This turbine is radial out flow type and can be used without gear box. 3 In rather higher power ranges radial inflow turbines can be chosen. They have several advantageous over axial turbines. They keep high efficiencies in small sizes and they are able to work in high pressure ratios. Since they have variable inlet nozzles, they can be well operated in variable load situations same as geothermal plants. Dry gas seal with ability of recovering leakages can also be added to the system. This type of turbine cannot admit wet fluid due to significant decrease in turbine efficiency and erosion problems in turbine. For gaining higher powers in MW scales, axial turbines can also be selected; however, in ORC applications of less than 1 MW they are not efficient enough as axial turbines are designed for higher powers applications.21 15 Turbine size factor Turbine size factor is defined as Equation 5. Equation 5: . (m) . In Equation 1, while stands for volumetric flow in turbines and its unit is: (m3/s), H is the isentropic enthalpy difference throughout the turbine in (KJ/Kg). Turbine size factor is shown by SFTurbine here and the unit is meter. This can be used to compare different turbines sizes and is a proper indicator of its relative cost. More size factor means bulkier and more expensive turbines. Pinch point temperature is the temperature difference between heat source temperature and evaporator temperature. If heat source temperature is assumed fixed, more pinch point temperature will result in less evaporator temperature and then with same heat input more superheat is done in ORC. In Table 9, from EES model, it is shown that higher pinch point temperature which means less saturation temperature in evaporator and more super heat, will result in larger turbines which will increase the turbine cost. Table 9: Turbine size factor variation with evaporator saturation temperature and degree of superheat (Tpp is pinch point temperature in evaporator and T is degree of superheat) 58PDF Image | Exergy
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