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fluid has been entered in evaporator and can absorb less heat. This is important especially in ORC as cooling system or where more heat recovery rather than fixed heat source is interesting. Even if regenerator gives better efficiency, as mentioned, it might not extract heat in best way and will not give higher power generation always. Hence, using this costly equipment shall be well justified to compensate its price. It is notable that unlike regenerator and evaporator, in condenser superheated ORC working fluid passes through shell and the cooling fluid is in tube side while shell and tube heat exchangers are used.22 111 Working fluid Regarding the working fluid several criteria as here bellow shall be considered: ‐ It should cause high efficiency and power output for ORC ‐ Not so much pump work ‐ High stability and low flammability ‐ Low cost and being available ‐ Low global warming and ozone depletion potential ‐ Low toxicity ‐ Low corrosion ‐ Rather high boiling temperature and melting point ‐ Rather high latent heat but not high specific heat, first one to increase heat recovery, latter one to decrease the cost of condenser due to decrease of load. ‐ High thermal conductivity and better match with heat source temperature to have better heat transfer ‐ Wet and isentropic fluids will have most area under T‐S diagram, however, dry fluids have less vapor formation during expansion and by using them internal heat exchanger will be more useful for efficiency improvement. Wet fluids shall be used normally with high superheats to prevent liquid formation which is not interesting (Wet, isentropic and dry fluids are explained in appendix, section A‐ 2). ‐ High critical temperature depending on working temperatures. 52,53 52 T.C. Hung, S.K. Wang, C.H. Kuo, B.S. Pei, K.F. Tsai, A study of organic working fluids on system efficiency of an ORC using low‐grade, Energy 2009; 35: 1403–1411. 53 Sylvain Quoilin and Vincent Lemort; available at: http://www.labothap.ulg.ac.be/cmsms/uploads/File/ECEMEI_PaperULg_SQVL090407.pdf; as accessed: 01.05.2010. 65PDF Image | Exergy
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