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Fuel cell: It is an electrochemical device which converts chemical energy into electricity (Wikipedia, 2010). Main parts are Anode, cathode and electrolyte. At the anode a catalyst oxidizes the fuel, the ions travel through the electrolyte and at cathode, and the ions are reunited with the electrons. The produced electrons in anodes make an electrical circuit. A basic cell type is shown in Figure 34. Figure 35: A basic fuel cell Source: Americanhistory, 200867. Main types of fuel cells are (Americanhistory, 2008): PEM fuel cell: Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells have a polymer electrolyte. Efficiency range of this type of fuel cell is 40‐50%, operating temperature is about 80°C. Since this type of fuel cell works at low temperatures, they are suitable for homes and vehicles usage. Their fuels need to be purified, and the catalyst which is platinum increases the cost. Molten oxide fuel cell: apply salt components same as sodium or magnesium, and carbonates for its electrolyte. Efficiency is about 60‐80%, and working temperature is about 600‐700°C. Units with output up to 2 (MW) is built. Increase in temperature is limited since it causes carbon monoxide "poisoning" and this halts the operation. 67 Americanhistory; available at: http://americanhistory.si.edu/fuelcells/basics.htm; as accessed: 19.10.2010. 96PDF Image | Exergy
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