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Supporting R&D and innovation French stakeholders in geothermal energy are involved in numerous projects that seek to improve current technologies or develop new technologies. R&D and innovation for geothermal energy may benefit from different research support schemes imple- mented at the French or European levels, examples of which include: – European financing (FP7, Intelligent Energy for Europe Programme, etc.) – The single inter-ministry fund (FUI) for competitive clusters (cf. paragraph below) – Funding from the French Natio- nal Research Agency (Agence na- tionale de la recherche - ANR), ADEME, OSEO, etc. – Regional funding and other associated financing (European Regional Development Fund). European Deep Geothermal Energy Programme at Soultz-sous-Forêts (Alsace) The “Enhanced Geothermal Systems” (EGS) concept envisages the extrac- tion of hot water at great depths, in naturally fractured areas in which the permeability is locally increased, thus allowing geothermal salt water to circulate in convection loops. International research in this field began in Los Alamos in the 1970s. Since 1987, it has focused on the site of Soultz- sous-Forêts in Alsace, France, where a scientific pilot project jointly funded by Europe, Germany and France, has been operating for three years. This scientific pilot project, which re- mains the world’s most advanced scheme in terms of feasibility and the scientific and technological know- ledge acquired, consists of four wells drilled to depths of between 3,600 and 5,000 m. Geothermal water is circulated bet- ween the wells by a pumping system, which allows for the collection of approximately 40 litres of water per second at 200 °C at the bottom of the well and the generation of approximately 1.5 MW of electricity thanks to an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) type thermo-electrical conver- sion unit. Development of demonstration projects In the context of a major national loan that aims to relaunch French industr y (“Invest- ments for the future” – Investissements d’avenir), a vast programme costing 1.35 bil- lion euros has been dedicated to the im- plementation of “demonstration” projects concerning renewable and carbon-free energies. This programme will run from 2010 to 2014. Demonstration projects – be they “de- monstrators’’ or technological platforms – are intended to promote pre-industrial experimentation with “breakthrough” tech- nologies. In par ticular, they allow companies to take a technological and financial risk between the research phase and the mass- production of new eco-technologies. Based on the needs identified by “Strategic Roadmaps’’, Calls for Expressions of Interest (CDI’s) are then launched and the best of the proposed projects are selected. A CDI for geothermal energy was issued at the end of 2011. It has several components: 1. Generation of EGS-type electricity or via conventional reservoirs, with the crea- tion of: demonstrators and action pro- grammes concerning the components, technologies and knowledge of geothermal resources and their exploitation, 2. Production of heat with: ● The implementation of technological platforms for very-low-energy geothermal power, ● Production of deep geothermal demons- trators. Financial support takes the form of subsi- dies, reimbursable advances and equity holdings in companies. ADEME has been appointed to manage this programme. Competitive clusters: french clusters for growth and employment Competitive clusters are cornerstones of French public policy for innovation and R&D. They bring together companies (SMEs/SMIs and large groups), research laboratories and higher education institu- Geothermal plant of Sucy-en-Brie – Boiler room © CofelyPDF Image | GEOTHERMAL ENERGY District heating
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