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Technologies and industrial development LOW AND MEDIUM GEOTHERMAL ENERGY FOR SUPPLYING DISTRICT HEATING Deep-aquifer geothermal energy, referred to as “low-energy”, concerns the exploitation of aquifers at depths of more that several hundred metres. Given the size of the sub- surface investments required for the exploitation of very deep aquifers, this type of energy is generally associated with heating networks: systems capable of supplying several thousand dwellings, thus spreading the sub-surface investments in geo- thermal energy over a larger number of points of consumption. Proven technology Supplied mainly via a borehole or a geo- thermal doublet, geothermal heating net- works transport heat in the form of hot water in buried pipes for the heating of dwellings, public and industrial buildings and domestic hot water supply. The resources exploited must be hot en- ough to be used (between 30 and 90 °C). Depending on the situation, production may be carried out via a single well connected to a heat exchanger or, more frequently, via a “geothermal doublet” linked to an exchanger. A geothermal doublet consists of one production borehole and one reinjection borehole. Geothermal water is brought to the surface by a production pump. After water has released its heat energy, it is reinjected into its aquifer of origin via an identical borehole. The two boreholes are far enough away from one another so that the cooled water reinjected does’nt impact the pro- duction borehole. Reinjecting the water after the removal of the calories prevents surface-level pollution if the water is salty or prevents waste it if it is only slightly mi- neralised and thus suitable for domestic or industrial use. This configuration offers several advantages: lack of discharge into the environment (closed-loop circuit), sus- tainability of the hydraulic flow rate and stability of the operating pressures. In France, the creation of a heating net- work requires numerous partners: public authorities, building and infrastructure ma- nagers, users and residents of the district in addition to geothermal energy profes- sionals, consisting of operating companies and ser vice companies (subsurface and surface). To ensure the profitability of the cost of boring and the surface investments, the energy produced must be capable of sup- plying 3,000 to 4,000 dwelling equivalents, if possible situated within a radius of 3 to 4 km. This generates a total power of 40,000 to 45,000 MWhr/year. General diagram ofaheatingnetwork ❶ Pump,productionwell(red), injection well (bleu) ❷ Geothermal power plant ❸ Auxiliary boiler system ❹ Underground network ❺ Exchanger for heating ❻ Exchanger for domestic hot water production ❼ Building heated by high-temperature radiators ❽ Building heated by low-temperature underfloor heating ❾ Low-temperature heated swimming pool ❿ Building with works in progress ❷ ❸ ❶ ❿ ❻ ❻❺ ❺ ❼ ❻ ❺ ❹ ❺ ❻ ❾ ❽ © ADEME - BRGMPDF Image | GEOTHERMAL ENERGY District heating
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