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Geothermal Energy USDOE

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Geothermal Energy USDOE ( geothermal-energy-usdoe )

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Dry Steam Power Plants Flash Steam Power Plants These were the first type of geothermal power plants to be built. The technology was first used at Lardarello, Italy, in 1904, and is still very effective for generating electricity. The plant uses steam that is accessed by drilling directly into the underground source. The steam is piped through a turbine and generator unit, and then condensed back into water and injected back into the subsurface reservoir. This helps to extend the life of the system. Steam technology is used today at The Geysers in northern California, the world's largest single source of geothermal power. The emissions from this group of plants consist of excess steam and very small amounts of sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide. Because there is no combustion taking place, the levels of these gasses are much lower than emissions from fossil fuel fired power plants. In these power plants, hydrothermal fluid at temperatures greater than 360°C is pushed to the surface by the high pressure in the subsurface reservoir. As this very hot fluid reaches the surface, it enters the separator where the pressure drops instantaneously and most of the liquid flashes into steam. The force generated by the steam is used to drive turbines and produce electricity. The fluid not flashed into steam leaves the separator and rejoins the water from the condenser. The fluid is then injected back into the Earth so that the process can be renewed over and over again. An example of an area using a flash steam operation is the CalEnergy Navy I flash geothermal power plant at the Coso geothermal field.

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