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Geothermal Energy USDOE

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Geothermal Energy USDOE ( geothermal-energy-usdoe )

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Binary Power Plants These are different from dry steam or flash steam power plants in that the hydrothermal fluid from the subsurface reservoir never comes into contact with the turbine/generator units. In this two- step process, hydrothermal fluid that is not quite hot enough to be used in a flash steam plant is fed into a heat exchanger. Here, heat is transferred from the hydrothermal fluid to a “working liquid” with a lower boiling point than water (usually isobutane or isopentane). The working liquid turns into an energized vapor much like the steam in the flash power plant and turns the turbine/generator unit, producing electricity. The hydrothermal fluid and the working liquid are both contained in “closed loops” and never come in contact with each another. The vapor from the working liquid is condensed and the hydrothermal fluid is returned to the earth. This cycle can be repeated as quickly as the Earth can reheat the fluid. An example of an area using a Binary Cycle power generation system is the Mammoth Pacific binary geothermal power plants at the Casa Diablo geothermal field. Because warm hydrothermal fluid is a more widespread resource than hot fluid or pressurized brines, binary systems have the potential to make a significant contribution to the overall production of geothermally generated electricity. Direct use of hot water from geothermal resources can be used to provide heat for industrial processes, crop drying, or heating buildings. In this method, the hot fluid is pumped directly into a building’s hot water-based heating system, under sidewalks, or into pools. The city of Klamath Falls, Oregon, is located in an area of abundant near-surface hydrothermal fluid at the southern part of the Cascade Range. The Oregon Institute of Technology is actually heated by this direct-use system. Sidewalks in the area have tubes buried beneath them so as to prevent the buildup of snow and ice in the winter. Other examples of direct use geothermal resources exist across the entire western United States including the Capitol Mall in Boise, Idaho. Here, the city’s geothermal district heating system heats even the Idaho State Capitol Building. Geothermal water is also used by local industries in greenhouses, at fish farms, and by dairies.

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