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illustrates the growth in installed capacity (1950-2010) and generation (1995-2010), with 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 representing minimum estimates. 14,000 13,000 12,000 11,000 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 Worldwide Geothermal Installed Capacity 1950-2010 y = 386.09x - 765022 y = 209.52x - 411125 1985-2005 2010 Bertani GIA 2005-2010 1950-1978 Trend 1985-2005 Trend GIA 2006-2010 & 2005 0 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Figure ES2 Worldwide geothermal installed capacity for the period 1950-2010. The 2006-2010 data [blue triangles] includes GIA data for 2006-2010 and data for the other countries from Bertani (2005; 2010), and has a trendline slope of 386 MWe/yr. Data for 1950-2005 is from Bertani (2010), with the 1985-2005 data [magenta squares] having a trendline slope of 210 MWe/yr. Data for 1950 to 1980 [green stars] is from Bertani (2010). As shown in Table ES1, geothermal energy provides a major contribution to the national capacity and national generation for several countries. For seven countries (including Lihir and San Miguel Islands), the geothermal installed capacity now exceeds 10% of national capacity, and five of these obtain 15-75% of their electricity from geothermal. In 2010, the contribution to national installed capacity for GIA Member Countries with non-negligible installation/generation ranged from 1.7-22.3%, with a corresponding range in contribution to national generation of 2.7-27%. The total GIA geothermal generation of 39,969.3 GWh/yr is equivalent to a savings of about 10.1 Mtoe (using GIA conversion (Mongillo, 2005)) and avoided CO2 emissions of 32.78 Mt. The equivalent savings for the worldwide total generation of 66,184.1 GWh/yr is about 16.8 Mtoe and avoided CO2 emissions of some 54.1 Mt (ibid.). A good indicator of the contribution a renewable energy resource makes is the ratio of the power they generate to the installed capacity, which for the GIA Countries in 2010 was 5.85 GWh/yr/MWe, with the global average being 6.03 GWh/yr/MWe. This quantity takes into account the amount of time that the generator actually produces power, i.e., the availability factor. For geothermal, this incorporates the resource availability (usually sustained by make-up drilling), plant availability (affected by repairs and maintenance), and transmission or load-following constraints. Geothermal‘s very high availability factors make it possible to operate at high capacity factors, which for new installations are above 90%, making geothermal valuable for baseload generation. 6 Installed Capacity (MWe)PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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