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promote ways and means to reduce the cost of geothermal drilling through an integrated effort which involves developing an understanding of geothermal drilling and logging needs, elucidating best practices, and fostering an environment and mechanisms to share methods and means to advance the state of the art. More specifically, Annex VII is: developing a detailed understanding of worldwide geothermal drilling costs, 2) compiling a directory of geothermal drilling practices and how they vary globally and 3) developing improved drilling and logging technologies. Data and information collection for the geothermal well drilling cost and performance database continued and a basic version of the well cost calculator based on this information was developed, with verification and further development continuing. A paper describing the Annex‘s activities and status (Bauer et al., 2010) was presented at the WGC 2010, Bali, Indonesia. Most significant of the Annex outputs for 2010 was the completion and publication of the Handbook of Best Practices for Geothermal Drilling (Finger and Blankenship, 2010), available on the GIA website (Handbook). Direct Use of Geothermal Heat (Annex VIII) Geothermal water has been used for centuries for various applications. In earlier times, only the hot geothermal water present in surface springs was used, mainly for bathing, cooking and for therapeutic purposes. In the most recent decades, direct use of geothermal water has increased, and today, direct use of geothermal energy is possible everywhere. Now, geothermal water is used for many applications that require heat, such as: heating buildings individually, or whole towns via district heating schemes; raising plants in greenhouses; drying crops; heating water at fish farms; snow melting; bathing and for therapeutic purposes; and for several industrial processes. Geothermal direct use has grown significantly for the past 15 year, almost doubling every 5 years since 1995, and its scope for continued expansion remains great. Many direct use applications are now well developed and economically viable; however, implementation difficulties and unfavourable economics still provide major challenges. Annex VIII- Direct Use of Geothermal Resources, addresses all facets of direct use technology, with emphasis on improving implementation, reducing costs and expanding use. Three Annex VIII papers were presented at the WGC 2010, Bali, Indonesia, covering the general efforts and status of the Annex (Gunnlaugsson, 2010), the developing international database of hydrothermal chemistry (Muraoka et al., 2010) and barrier and opportunity identification in geothermal direct use (Song et al., 2010). In addition, work has begun on equipment performance validation and information collection on standardized designs for various applications and development of engineering standards for designs, equipment and controls. Efforts are advancing in the presentation of direct use data on the web using Goggle Earth, with minimum required data defined. Geothermal Data and Information (Annex X) The value of collecting, analyzing and publishing geothermal use data and information is well recognized. At the end of 2010, new Annex X- Geothermal Data and Information, initiated its activities. It aims to collect essential data on geothermal energy uses, trends and developments in GIA countries and to publish these data in a yearly report. This report shall provide a brief overview of the geothermal energy data, such as installed capacities, produced electricity and heat, supplemented by political and economic information relevant to the development of geothermal energy in GIA member countries. There are plans to extend this data collection to include non- GIA Member Countries, if reliable data can be obtained. 13PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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