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2.1.3 Task C - Methods of Impact Mitigation and Environmental Procedures (Task Leader: Chris Bromley, GNS Science, New Zealand) (Participants: Australia, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Switzerland, USA) The objective of this task is to reduce the risks of adverse effects by developing an effective, standard, environmental analysis process. By reducing the costs of environmental compliance, and stream-lining the process for project consenting, this will contribute to the responsible and timely deployment of future geothermal energy projects. Strategies that result in improved environmental outcomes from field management are identified and publicized. Successful mitigation schemes that provide developers and regulators with options for compensating unavoidable effects are also identified, documented and publicized. 2.1.4 Task D - Seismic Risk from Fluid Injection into Geothermal Systems (Task Leaders: Ernie Majer, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, USA; and Roy Baria, MILTECH, UK) (Participants: Australia, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Switzerland, New Zealand, USA) The purpose of this task is to investigate the occurrences of felt induced seismic events, particularly in connection with high pressure fracture stimulation, and their effects on the local population. The objective is to obtain a better understanding of why these events occur so that they can be either avoided or mitigated. Additional objectives are to assess and generate appropriate source parameter models, and test the models in relation to the hydraulic injection history, temperature gradients, stress field and the tectonic/geological background, using stress modelling, and rock mechanics. Once mechanisms of the events are understood, the injection process to fracture stimulate a geothermal reservoir may be modified to reduce or eliminate the occurrence of large events. This task is complementary to a similar research objective under Annex III (for Enhanced Geothermal Systems). Both tasks will be transferred to a new specially created Annex (XI) lead by Ernie Majer from 2011. 2.1.5 Task E - Sustainable Utilization Strategies (Task Leader: Guðni Axelsson, Iceland Geological Survey (ISOR), Iceland) (Participants: Australia, USA, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Switzerland, New Zealand) Case histories of reservoir models of geothermal developments are studied to see what strategies have been successful. Additional modelling of long term reservoir behaviour is undertaken to select optimum future strategies given different recharge and resource size scenarios. Different sustainable development scenarios are compared to determine relative environmental and economic benefits. Different conceptual and hypothetical reservoir model predictions are compared using long-term scenarios. Long-term reservoir behaviour, recharge factors, recovery times, and optimised cyclic or staged operation strategies are investigated. 2.2 Work Performed in 2010 Several participants in Annex 1 (Chris Bromley, New Zealand; Barry Goldstein, Australia; and Hirofumi Muraoka, Japan), along with other geothermal specialists from the IEA-GIA participating countries (Mexico, USA, Iceland, Germany, and Italy; see Figure 2.3) met twice during 2010 (in Oxford UK and in Mexico City) to continue preparation of the geothermal energy chapter of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Renewable Sources (SRREN). This involved a voluntary contribution over 3 years by all the participants. The chapter includes a section on environmental issues, and projections of technical and sustainable deployment potential for geothermal energy out to 2050 and beyond. This effort highlighted geothermal‘s important future role in the mitigation of climate change effects by substituting for fossil fuels. The final version of the report, after international review during 2010, was published in mid 2011. 36PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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