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2.2.1 Task A - Impacts on Natural Features Meetings of task participants were held in conjunction with the World Geothermal Congress (WGC-2010) at Bali, in Indonesia on 21st April and at Reykjavik, in Iceland on 6th October 2010. Presentations covered aspects of on-going work on changes observed at thermal features caused by geothermal developments. Strategies to mitigate, recover or enhance thermal features using targeted injection and strategic production were discussed, along with policies to help monitor and manage effects on thermal features in a practical manner. Results of this work were presented in papers at WGC-2010, and at geothermal workshops in New Zealand (NZGW), and the USA (GRC and Stanford). These described ways of identifying and monitoring surface feature changes, monitoring thermally tolerant vegetation, and opportunities for bio-mitigation of CO2 emissions using thermal algae (see references in section 2.4). Figure 2.3 IPCC SRREN Geothermal Chapter Lead Author participants. Discussions also addressed the issues faced by countries such as Japan that have significant geothermal resource potential located within protected National Parks and near iconic hot spring resorts. Some attention is needed in the near future to the task of identifying how to undertake development in such settings with negligible environmental risks to thermal habitats, thermal features and landscape values. 2.2.2 Task B - Discharge and Reinjection Problems At the Annex 1 meetings in Bali and Reykjavik, EGS environmental issues were discussed; these included water management, noise, hazards and visual impact. Optimum injection strategies, including scaling treatment and avoidance, methods of reduction of CO2 emissions by injection, and arsenic reduction through silica precipitation were also discussed. Injection/production management tools using an adaptive approach to reverse or avoid adverse effects on surface features and on reservoir sustainability were addressed. This included stressing the importance of understanding reservoir permeability, tracer test interpretation, and the consequences of subsurface boiling and condensation processes. Research into the transient behaviour of fluid-rock-gas 37PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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